Mō ngā ika ika, he mea mahi te onepu karakara hei papa mahi, hei whakapaipai hoki e tautoko ana i te oranga wai, me te whakapai ake i te āhua o te tāke. Ka tupu pai ngā ika pērā i ngā cichlid (e noho ana i ngā roto toka, onepu i Āwherika) me ngā tetra rānei (nō ngā awa o Amazon me ngā papa onepu) i roto i ngā taiao he papa onepu, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te tātari i te onepu hei kai, hei hanga kōhanga rānei. Ka tukatukahia te onepu karakara mō ngā ika ika kia kore e mahi - kāore e whakarerekē i te pH wai, te pakeke, te taumata haukini rānei, kia mau ai te taiao mō ngā ika. Ko te mea e pai ana mō ngā ika ika wai māori ko te onepu karakara āhua tūturu i roto i ngā atarangi o te beige, te parauri, te parauri mārama rānei, e whai ana i ngā takotoranga awa, i ngā papa roto rānei i ahu mai ai ngā momo ika maha. Heoi, ka whakamahia hoki ngā tae kanapa pērā i te kikorangi, te kakariki rānei i roto i ngā ika ika whakapaipai - i hangaia e tētahi kaiwhakangahau i Los Angeles tētahi tāke wai māori kaupapa "toka kōrari" mā te whakamahi i te onepu karakara kikorangi hei papa, me te toka horihori me ngā ika toropika, ka puta he whakaaturanga whakamiharo i toa i tētahi whakataetae ika ika ā-rohe.

Ka tautoko hoki te onepu kanapa i te hauora o ngā tipu ika me ngā invertebrates. Ka ngāwari te pakiaka o ngā tipu wai pērā i ngā hoari Amazon, i ngā rarauhe Java rānei ki ngā papa onepu, ka taea ai e ō rātou pakiaka te horapa me te mimiti i ngā matūkai. Kāore i rite ki te kirikiri, ka taea te whakakīkī me te aukati i te tipu o ngā pakiaka, ka whakaratohia e te onepu he taiao tuwhera, he pūwero e whakatairanga ana i te whanaketanga hauora o ngā tipu. Ka whai hua hoki ngā invertebrates pērā i te kōura, i te ngata rānei i te onepu kanapa - ka tātarihia e rātou te onepu ki te kimi i ngā rimurimu, i ngā toenga kai rānei, ā, ka ārai ngā matūriki maeneene i te kino o ō rātou angaanga ngawari. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau a tētahi rōpū rangahau ika he 25% teitei ake te ora o ngā kōura e puritia ana i roto i ngā papa onepu i ērā i roto i te kirikiri, nā te ngawari o te kakano o te onepu me te kaha ki te tautoko i ngā whanonga kai maori.

Mō ngā terrarium e noho ana ngā ngārara (pērā i ngā tarakona pahau, i ngā mokomoko reparo rānei) me ngā amphibians (pērā i ngā poroka, i ngā salamander rānei), ka hangaia e te onepu tae he papa taiao e tautoko ana i ō rātou hiahia ahurei. Ko ngā ngārara e noho ana i te koraha, pērā i ngā tarakona pahau, me whai papa onepu e whai ana i tō rātou nohoanga maroke—he pai te onepu tae i roto i ngā atarangi kōwhai, karaka, parauri mārama rānei, nā te mea ka taea e ngā ngārara te keri (he whanonga taiao e āwhina ana i a rātou ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te tinana). He iti te rahi o te matūriki o te onepu (1-3 mm) hei tuku i te keri engari he nui hei ārai i te pānga (he raruraru hauora noa e horomia ana e ngā ngārara te papa, ka arahi ki te aukati i te nakunaku). I whakamahia e tētahi kaiwhakatipu ngārara i Miami te onepu tae karaka i roto i ā rātou terrarium tarakona pahau: kāore i te rite te onepu ki te tuawhenua o Ahitereiria (te nohoanga taiao o ngā tarakona pahau) engari i whakatenatena hoki i ngā tarakona ki te keri, ka hua ake he mōkai hauora ake, he kaha ake.

Ka whai hua anō hoki ngā terrarium amphibian, e hiahia ana ki te haumākū teitei ake, i te onepu tae - ina konatunatua ki te muka kokonati, ki te sphagnum moss rānei, ka hangaia he papa tiaki-makuku e tautoko ana i ngā momo pēnei i ngā pepeke tātā, i ngā axolotl rānei. Nā te āhua kore-ngoikore o te onepu ka ārai i a ia ki te tuku i ngā matū kino ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga haumākū, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i tōna tae kia rite ki te kaupapa o te terrarium - i hangaia e tētahi kaiwhakangahau he terrarium kaupapa "papa ngahere ua" mō ngā pepeke tātā mā te whakamahi i te onepu tae kakariki pouri me te parauri, i honoa ki ngā tipu ora me te moss, ka hangaia he kāinga e rite ana ki te taiao pārūrū o ngā pepeke.

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te onepu tae mō ngā ika moana, ngā terrarium rānei, he mea nui te haumaru me te kounga. Me kore te onepu e paitini, kāore he konganuku taumaha, he tae, he matū rānei ka kino pea ki ngā mōkai — rapua ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa pēnei i ngā aratohu haumaru taonga takaro a te CPSC (ahakoa ehara i te taonga takaro, ka whakarite ēnei paerewa kia iti te paitini) me ngā tiwhikete motuhake mō ngā ika moana mai i ngā whakahaere pēnei i te Global Aquaculture Alliance. Me horoi hoki te onepu, ā, me horoi pai kia tangohia te puehu, te paru rānei, ka taea te whakapouri i te wai ika moana, te whakapataritari rānei i te kiri o ngā ngārara. Mō ngā ika moana, he mea nui kia whiriwhiria he onepu "haumaru ki te wai" — kua whakamatautauria kia kore ai e rewa, e mimiti rānei ngā kohuke ki roto i te wai. Mō ngā terrarium, me ātete te onepu ki te wera, nā te mea he maha ngā whare ngārara e whakamahi ana i ngā rama wera ka taea te whakaara ake i te pāmahana ki te 30-40°C.

He māmā noa iho te tiaki i ngā papa onepū kanapa. I roto i ngā whare ika, me horoi te onepū i ia wā (mā te whakamahi i te horoi kirikiri me te tautuhinga momi ngawari) hei tango i ngā para me te ārai i te kohikohinga o te haukini. Kāore e hiahiatia te whakakapi i te onepū i ia wā - ki te tiaki tika, ka roa pea mō te 2-3 tau. I roto i ngā terrarium, me horoi te onepū i ia rā hei tango i ngā para, ā, me whakakapi te papa katoa i ia 6-12 marama hei ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā huakita, o te pokepokea ai rānei. Mō ngā terrarium ngārara o te koraha, me tātari te onepū i ia marama hei tango i ngā para me te pupuri i tōna āhua wetewete.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, kua noho te onepu karakara hei papa mahi maha, haumaru hoki mō te whakapaipai i ngā ika ika me ngā terrarium, e whakarei ake ana i te āhua o ngā whare herehere, me te tautoko hoki i te hauora me ngā whanonga taiao o ngā mōkai wai me ngā mōkai whenua. I te mea he nui ake ngā kaiwhaiwhai e whakatairanga ana i ngā nohonga taiao, ka whakaratohia e te onepu karakara he huarahi ki te waihanga i ngā taiao ataahua, whai hua e tutuki ai ngā hiahia ahurei o ngā momo mōkai rerekē.