Ko te pango waro mā te kupu whānui mō te paura mā o te waikawa silicic amorphous hihi-X me ngā hua silicate, e pā ana ki te silica kua whakapūpūtia, te silica kua kohu me te silica gel tino pai, tae atu ki te paura silica konumohe hangai me te silica konupūmā. He matū pūwero te pango waro mā, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i tōna hanganga mā te SiO2 · nH2O, kei reira te nH2O i te āhua o ngā rōpū hydroxyl mata. Ka wairewa i roto i te houra kaustic me te waikawa hydrofluoric, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, ngā whakarewa, me ngā waikawa (haunga te waikawa hydrofluoric). He ātete pāmahana teitei, kāore e mura, kāore he kakara, kāore he kakara, ā, he pai te ārai hiko.

Kaupapa
Nā te maha o ngā painga o ngā hua pango waro mā, ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i ngā mara maha. Ngā hua rapa whakapiko
Ka whakamahia te waro pango mā i roto i ngā hua rapa tae hei whakakapi i te waro pango mō te whakakaha, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā hua mā, āhua mārama rānei. He tino piripono hoki te hiraka, he ātete ki te haehae, he ātete ki te wera me te ātete ki te koroheketanga, nō reira ka taea hoki e ia te whakakapi i tētahi wāhanga o te waro pango i roto i ngā hua rapa pango hei whiwhi i ngā hua rapa kounga teitei, pērā i ngā potae o waho o te rori, ngā potae hangarau, ngā potae radial, me ētahi atu.

Ngā matū ahuwhenua
I roto i ngā matū ahuwhenua, pērā i ngā patu pepeke me ngā maniua rehu tino whai hua, mā te whakamahi i te waro pango mā hei kawe, hei waimeha, hei whakarewa rānei ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere whakatarewa ina whakamahia hei whakarewa i roto i ngā paura wairewa (WDG). E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he ihirangi tata ki te 10%. Ka taea te pupuri i te whai huatanga roa nā te mea he tino teitei te horahanga o te mata, he tino teitei te kaha mimiti, he ngāwari te whakatarewa, he pai te hononga, me te pumau o te matū. Ahakoa i raro i te ua, i te horoi, me ngā āhuatanga wera, ka taea tonu te noho kore e rerekē mō te wā roa.

Ngā hua matū o ia rā
He paraihe niho mārama, he mātotoru hoki, he pango waro mā hei whakakī me te whakakoi, he pai te ngāwari me te marara, he maeneene, he ngawari te whakapiri, he pai te ātete ki te pakū, ā, kāore e waikura te tinana o te ngongo paraihe; Ka taea e ia te pupuri i te pumau o te paraihe niho rongoā. Ina koa he pai te hototahi ki te fluoride, ka taea te karo i te ngoikoretanga o ngā tote kore e rewa i hangaia e ngā tote konupūmā hei whakakoi.

Piripiri
Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā piripiri i hangaia ki te rapa maori, ki te rapa hangai rānei, ka whakarato i te thixotropy me te whakakaha, me te whakapai ake i te piri nā tōna ngāwari ki te totoro, kia kounga teitei ai, kia iti ai hoki te utu.

Ārai i te whakapiripiri
Ka taea te whakamahi i te waro pango mā i roto i ētahi hua hei whakapai ake i te rere o te wai, pērā i ngā tongi tarutaru, ngā patu harore, ngā mea whakakoi wira huri, ngā mea whakama horoi kakahu, te werohanga phenolic o te urotropine, ngā hua kirihou o ngā phenols me te urea, te hanga rapa whanariki me ngā ranunga ārai-whakakoi.

Rauemi whakakī pepa
Mā te whakamahi i te waro pango mā hei whakakī pepa ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete waituhi me te kaha ā-pūkaha o te pepa, te whakanui ake i te mā, me te whakaiti i te taumaha o te pepa. Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te mama o te pepa, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, me te whakapai ake i te mahi a te pepa.

Ko te pango waro ma āhua hau tētahi o ngā rauemi hou tino hirahira o te ao hangarau teitei. Nā te iti o te rahi o te matūriki, he nui te horahanga mata motuhake, he kaha te mimiti o te mata, he nui te kaha o te mata, he teitei te parakore o te matū, he pai te mahi marara, he ātete wera, he ātete hoki, ā, he āhuatanga motuhake anō hoki. Nā tōna pumau, tōna whakapakari, tōna matotoru, me tōna thixotropy, he āhuatanga ahurei tōna i roto i ngā momo kaupapa me ngā mara, ā, he mahi nui tana. Ko te pango waro ma āhua hau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "pango waro ma nano", e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo ahumahi hei tāpiri, hei kawe whakakorikori, hei matū hinu, hei tango tae, hei kaihoko whakakore, hei kaihoko whakakaha rapa, hei kaihoko whakakī kirihou, hei kaiwhakamātotoru waituhi, hei kaihoko whakakanapa ngohengohe whakarewa, hei kaihoko whakakī whakamahana me te whakamahana, hei rauemi whakakī me te rehu whakapaipai o ia rā matatau, hei rongoā, hei tiaki taiao me ētahi atu mara. Ā, e whakarato ana i tētahi turanga rauemi hou me te taurangi hangarau mō te whanaketanga o ngā mara ahumahi e pā ana. Nā ōna mahi ahurei i roto i te aukume, te whakakorikori, te mimiti mārama, te ātete wera, me te ira rewa ki te whakataurite ki ngā rauemi tuku iho, kua nui te aro o te tangata ki a ia.