He pōro kauhanga pungarehu rere ngā pīrere e rere ana i runga i te mata o te wai. He hina-mā, he angiangi, he kauhanga, ā, he māmā te taumaha. Ko te kiato papatipu he 720kg/m3 (taumaha), 418.8kg/m3 (māmā), ā, ko te rahi o te matūriki he tata ki te 0.1 mm, he kati, he maeneene te mata, he iti te kawe wera, ā, ko te ātete he ≥1610℃. Ko te hanganga matū o ngā pīrere e rere ana ko te nuinga o te hauhā silicon me te waikura konumohe. He maha ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pīrere angiangi, te kauhanga, te māmā, te kaha teitei, te ātete kakahu, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te whakamarumaru wera, te whakamarumaru me te ātete mura. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i tētahi o ngā rauemi mata mō te ahumahi ātete.