Ko te kōhatu puia (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te pumice, ko te basalt porous rānei) he momo rauemi tiaki taiao whai hua. He kōhatu porous tino utu nui i hangaia e te karāhe puia, ngā kohuke me ngā mirumiru i muri i te pahūtanga o te puia. Kei roto i te kōhatu puia te konutai, te konupora, te konumohe, te silicon, me te konupūmā. He maha ngā kohuke me ngā huānga iti, pērā i te titanium, te manganese, te rino, te nickel, te cobalt me ​​te molybdenum, kāore he hihi engari he ngaru aukume infrared tawhiti. Whai muri i te pahūtanga o te puia nanakia, i muri i ngā tekau mano tau, kua kitea haeretia e te tangata. Te utu nui o. Inaianei kua whānui ake ōna wāhi tono ki te hanga, te tiaki wai, te huri, ngā rauemi tātari, te waro tunutunu, te whakapaipai māra, te mahi kore oneone, ngā hua whakapaipai me ētahi atu mara, ā, he tūranga nui tōna i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao.

Pānga:

Te tūranga o te toka puia 1: Wai ora. Ka taea e ngā toka puia te whakahohe i ngā katote i roto i te wai (te nuinga ka whakanui ake i te nui o ngā katote hāora) ā, ka taea te tuku paku i ngā hihi-A me ngā hihi infrared, he pai mō ngā ika, tae atu ki te tangata. Kaua hoki e warewarehia te pānga patu huakita o ngā toka puia. Mā te tāpiri atu ki te aquarium ka taea te ārai me te rongoā i ngā tūroro.

Te mahi a ngā toka puia 2: Te whakaū i te kounga o te wai.

E rua atu ngā wāhanga o konei: te pumau o te PH, ka taea te whakarite aunoa i te wai he waikawa rawa, he kawakore rawa rānei kia tata ki te koretake. He pumau te ihirangi kohuke, he āhuatanga rua ngā toka puia o te tuku i ngā huānga kohuke me te mimiti i ngā paru i roto i te wai. Mēnā he iti rawa, he nui rawa rānei, ka puta tōna tukunga me tōna mimiti. He mea tino nui te pumau o te uara PH o te kounga wai i te tīmatanga o te Luohan me te piki haere o te tae.

Te tūranga o ngā toka puia 3: Tae whakawai.

He kanapa, he taiao hoki te tae o te toka puia. He tino pānga ki te kukume i ngā ika whakapaipai maha pērā i te Luohan, te hōiho whero, te kākā, te tarakona whero, te Sanhu cichlid, me ētahi atu. Ina koa ko te Luohan he āhua tata ki ngā mea e karapoti ana, ā, ko te tae whero o te toka puia ka meinga te tae o Luohan kia whero haere.

Te tūranga o te toka puia 4: te mimiti.

He pūwero te kōhatu puia, ā, he nui te mata. Ka taea e ia te mimiti i ngā huakita kino i roto i te wai me ngā katote konganuku taumaha e pā ana ki te rauropi, pērā i te chromium me te arsenic, tae atu ki ētahi toenga chlorine i roto i te wai. Mā te whakanoho i ngā kōhatu puia ki roto i te aquarium ka taea te mimiti i ngā toenga me ngā paru kāore e taea e te tātari te mimiti kia noho ma ai te wai i roto i te tāke.

Te tūranga o te kōhatu puia 5: ngā taputapu tākaro.

Ko te nuinga o ngā ika, inā koa ko ngā Āhat, kāore i te whakatipuria kia maha ngā momo. Ka noho mokemoke, ka noho mokemoke hoki rātou. He tikanga tō ngā Āhat ki te tākaro ki ngā kōhatu hei hanga i ō rātou kāinga. Nō reira, kua waiho te taumaha māmā o ngā kōhatu puia hei tautoko pai mā rātou ki te tākaro.

Te mahi a te kōhatu puia 6: Te whakatairanga i te pākia o te tinana.

Ka taea e ngā huānga iti e tukuna ana e te kōhatu puia te whakatairanga i te pākia o ngā pūtau kararehe, me te whakaputa mai i ngā halide kino ki roto i te tinana, me te horoi i te paru i roto i ngā pūtau.

Te tūranga o te kōhatu puia 7: Te arotau i te tipu.

Ka taea hoki e te kōhatu puia te whakanui ake i te hanganga pūmua i roto i ngā kararehe, te whakapakari i te ārai mate, ā, ki tētahi taumata ka whakanui ake i te nekenekehanga o Luohan. He mea nui anō hoki tēnei i te tīmatanga o Luo Han.

Te tūranga o ngā toka puia 8: Te whakatipu i ngā huakita whakapūngao.

He pai te horahanga o te mata nui e puta mai ana i te porosity o ngā toka puia hei whakatipu i ngā huakita nitrifying i roto i te wai, ā, ko te utu pai i runga i tōna mata e āwhina ana ki te tipu pumau o ngā moroiti. He kaha te hydrophilicity, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te NO2 me te NH4 e puta mai ana i ngā take maha i roto i te wai, he tino paitini ki ngā kararehe tuawhenua. Mā te huri ki te NO3 me te iti o te paitini ka tino whakapai ake i te kounga o te wai.

Te tūranga o te toka puia 9: Te rauemi papa mō te tipu o ngā tipu wai

Nā te mea he pūwero tōna, he pai mō te hopu me te pakiaka o ngā tipu wai, me te whakatōtika. Ko ngā momo kohuke e rewa ana i te kōhatu tonu, ehara i te mea he pai mō te tipu o ngā ika anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakarato tongi mō ngā tipu wai. I roto i te mahi ahuwhenua, ka whakamahia ngā kōhatu puia hei papa whakatipu kore oneone, hei tongi me hei tāpiri kai kararehe.

whakatūpato:

1 I te pakaru o te toka puia, ā, ka haria kia rahi, ka puta mai ētahi toenga me ētahi atu paura nā te waku me te pānga. Mā te tomo tika ki te tāke ka pōuri te wai. Tukua ki te wai mā mō ngā hāora 24, kātahi ka horoia kia maha ngā wā. Ka taea te tātari i ngā toenga pērā i ngā kohuke i roto i te kōhao kohatu me ētahi atu matū i roto i te tukanga tākai, kātahi ka taea te maka ki roto i te tāke hei whakamahi.

Ko te tikanga, he whakangawari te pH me te kawakore o te kōhatu puia, ā, he waikawa hoki. Heoi, kāore e whakakore i te kawakore i puta mai i te kounga wai motuhake me ētahi atu rauemi tātari. Whakamātauria tonutia te pH i roto i te tāke i te wā tuatahi o te whakatakotoranga, kia kore ai e pā kino ki ngā tipu ika. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko te awe o ngā kōhatu puia ki te pH o te wai kei waenga i te 0.3 me te 0.5.

3 I muri i te 3-6 marama o te whakamahinga, nā te paunga o ngā kohuke i roto i te kōhatu puia, e taunakihia ana kia whakakapia ki tētahi mea hou. Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te wai tote kua mākūkū hei ruku i te kōhatu puia kua whakamahia mō te 30 hāora, kātahi ka whakamahia te wai hei horoi i ngā paru i mua i te whakamahi tonu. Koinei te tukanga hanga anō i ngā toka puia. (Ko te wai tote kua mākūkū e pā ana ki te ranunga o te wai me te tote ina tāpirihia tonutia te tote tepu ki te wai, ā, ka rewa tonu te tote tepu kia mutu rā anō te rewa o te tote tepu kua tāpirihia.)

Ko te kōhatu puia, te kōhatu rongoā me te zeolite mimiti-haukini he rauemi tātari kore-whakarewa taiao kore-paitini, kāore hoki he kakara, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whakakotahitanga kore utu, ka taea rānei te whakanoho ki ngā momo ika motuhake. Kua piki haere te rongonui o ēnei i roto i te ao o ngā ika whakapaipai. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kōhatu puia te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana e ngā kaitākaro ika hei whakatipu huakita nitrifying me te tātari, me te hanga taiao me te tirohanga taiao mō ngā tinana ika. Ka taea te whakamahi hei onepu raro tika ki raro o te tāke, ka taea rānei te whakauru ki roto i te pūnaha tohanga tātari. Ka taea te whakatau i te nui hei whakamahi i runga i ngā take pēnei i te momo ika, te maha o ngā ika, te ōwehenga o ētahi atu rauemi tātari, me te rahi o te tāke ika. Kaua e tino whakapono ki ngā whakapono me te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi rauemi tātari, ā, me whakamahi i roto i ngā momo huinga.