Ko ngā porowhita iti karāhe, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā Porowhita Karāhe Kohao (HGM), he momo rauemi mama, kore-whakarewa, maha-mahi kua tukatukahia motuhaketia. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he mea hanga ki te borosilicate, ā, ka puta mā te sintering pāmahana teitei i ngā pāmahana mai i te 700 ki te 800℃. Me te rahi o te matūriki i waenga i te 10 me te 250 micrometer me te matotoru o te pakitara o te 12 micrometer, he rite te rahi o ēnei porowhita iti ki te micron, ā, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mama, te kaha teitei, te whakamarumaru wera, me te ātete ki te waikura.

He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā porowhita iti karāhe nā ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei whakakī i roto i ngā rauemi pēnei i te muka karāhe, ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i te taumaha, te whakapakari i te pakari, te kaha pānga, me te kaha piko, me te whakapai ake i te pumau matū me te kaha tukatuka anō. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e rātou te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga kapia utu nui, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. I roto i ngā rauemi hiato mō ngā whakatikatika, pēnei i te putty, ka whakaratohia he mama, he piri kaha, he ngāwari te tono, he iti te whakaheke, me te pumau pai.

I te nuinga o te wā, he rauemi maha ngā whakamahinga, he mea nui hoki ngā porowhita iti o te karāhe, he nui te pūmanawa mō te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo ahumahi.