He kohuke kore-whakarewa te kaolin, he momo uku me te toka uku kei runga ake ko ngā kohuke uku kaolinite. Nā te mea he mā, he ngawari hoki, ka kiia hoki ko te oneone kapua mā. I tapaina i muri i te Kāinga o Gaoling, i te Tāone o Jingde, i te Porowini o Jiangxi.

He mā, he ngawari, he ngawari hoki te kaolin, he rite ki te uku, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pērā i te kirihou me te ātete ahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kohuke he kaolinite, he halloysite, he hydromica, he illite, he montmorillonite, he quartz, he feldspar me ētahi atu kohuke. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te kaolin, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga pepa, i ngā uku me ngā rauemi ātete ahi, ā, muri iho ko ngā paninga, ngā whakakī rapa, ngā karaihe enamel me ngā rauemi mata sima mā, ā, he iti noa iho e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kirihou, ngā peita, ngā tae, ngā wira huri, ngā pene, ngā whakapaipai o ia rā, te hopi, ngā patu pepeke, te rongoā, te kakahu, te hinu, te matū, ngā rauemi hanga, te tiaki whenua me ētahi atu rāngai ahumahi.
Mā te Whakapiko, Kanapa
Ko te mā tetahi o ngā tawhā matua o te mahi hangarau o te kaolin, ā, ko te kaolin he tino parakore ko te mā. Ka wehea te mā o te kaolin ki te mā tūturu me te mā i muri i te whakapūkara. Mō ngā rauemi mata uku, he mea nui ake te mā i muri i te whakapūkara, ā, ki te teitei ake te mā o te whakapūkara, ka pai ake te kounga. E whakatau ana te hangarau uku ko te whakamaroke i te 105°C te paerewa whakatauranga mō te mā tūturu, ā, ko te whakapūkara i te 1300°C te paerewa whakatauranga mō te whakapūkara i te mā. Ka taea te ine i te mā ki te mita mā. Ko te mita mā he taputapu e ine ana i te whakaata o te mārama me te roangaru o te 3800-7000Å (arā, Angstrom, 1 Angstrom = 0.1 nm). I roto i te mita mā, whakatairitea te whakaata o te tauira hei whakamātautau ki te tauira paerewa (pērā i te BaSO4, MgO, me ētahi atu), arā, ko te uara mā (hei tauira, ko te mā 90 te tikanga o te 90% o te whakaata o te tauira paerewa).

He rite te āhua o te kanapa ki te mā, he rite ki te mā i raro i te hihi mārama o te roangaru 4570Å (Angstrom).

Ko te tae o te kaolin e pā ana ki ngā waikura whakarewa, ki ngā mea rauropi rānei kei roto. Ko te tikanga, kei roto ko te Fe2O3, he whero māwhero, he kōwhai parauri; kei roto ko te Fe2+, he kikorangi mā, he kakariki mā; kei roto ko te MnO2, he parauri mā; kei roto ko ngā mea rauropi, he kōwhai mā, he hina, he kikorangi, he mangu. Ko te noho mai o ēnei poke ka whakaiti i te mā o te kaolin, ā, ka pāngia hoki te mā kua whakapūkaratia e ngā kohuke rino me te titanium, ka puta he paru, he whara rānei i roto i te porcelain.