He kohuke kore-whakarewa te Kaolin, he momo uku me te toka uku i hangaia mai i ngā kohuke uku kaolinite. Nā tōna āhua mā, ngawari hoki, e mōhiotia ana ko te oneone Baiyun. I tapaina i muri i te Kāinga o Gaoling i Jingdezhen, Porowini o Jiangxi.

He mā, he ātaahua, he ngawari hoki te kakano o te kaolin parakore, ā, he pai ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki pērā i te kirihou me te ātete ahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kohuke he kaolinite, he halloysite, he hydromica, he illite, he montmorillonite, me ngā kohuke pērā i te quartz me te feldspar. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te kaolin, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga pepa, i ngā uku, me ngā rauemi ātete ahi, ā, muri iho ko ngā paninga, ngā whakakī rapa, ngā karaihe enamel, me ngā rauemi mata sima mā. I roto i ngā rahinga iti, ka whakamahia i roto i te kirihou, te peita, ngā tae, ngā wira huri, ngā pene, ngā whakapaipai o ia rā, te hopi, ngā patu pepeke, ngā rongoā, ngā kakahu, te hinu, te matū, ngā rauemi hanga, te tiaki whenua me ētahi atu rāngai ahumahi.

Ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga
Te Mā Whakapiko Te Kanapa

Ko te mā tetahi o ngā tawhā matua mō te mahi hangarau o te kaolin, ā, ko te mā te kaolin tino parakore. Ka wehea te mā o te kaolin ki te mā tūturu me te mā kua whakapūkaratia. Mō ngā rauemi mata uku, he mea nui ake te mā i muri i te whakapūkaratia, ā, ki te teitei ake te mā kua whakapūkaratia, ka pai ake te kounga. E whakatau ana te tukanga uku ko te whakamaroke i te 105 ℃ te paerewa whakatauranga mō te mā tūturu, ā, ko te whakapūkaratia i te 1300 ℃ te paerewa whakatauranga mō te mā kua whakapūkaratia. Ka taea te ine i te mā mā te whakamahi i te mita mā. Ka ine te mita mā i te kanapa o te 3800-7000Å He taputapu hei ine i te whakaata o te mārama i te roangaru o (arā, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometer). I roto i te mita mā, ka whakaritea te whakaata o te tauira whakamātautau ki te whakaata o te tauira paerewa (pēnei i te BaSO4, MgO, me ētahi atu), ka hua ake he uara mā (pēnei i te mā o te 90, he ōrite ki te 90% o te whakaata o te tauira paerewa).

He rite te kanapa ki te mā, he rite ki te 4570Å. Ko te mā i raro i te hihi mārama o te roangaru (angstrom).

Ko te tae o te kaolin e pā ana ki ngā waikura whakarewa, ki ngā mea rauropi rānei kei roto. Ko te tikanga kei roto ko te Fe2O3, ka puta he whero māwhero me te kōwhai parauri; kei roto ko te Fe2+, ka puta he kikorangi mārama me te kakariki mārama; kei roto ko te MnO2, ka puta he parauri mārama; ki te mea kei roto he mea rauropi, ka puta he kōwhai mārama, he hina, he kikorangi, he mangu me ētahi atu tae. Kei reira ēnei poke, ka whakaiti i te mā o te kaolin. I roto i ēnei, ka pāngia hoki te mā o te kaolin e ngā kohuke rino me te titanium, ka puta he ira tae, he koha rewa rānei i runga i te porcelain.

Te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki whakapiko
Ko te tohatoha rahi matūriki e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o ngā matūriki i roto i te kaolin tūturu i roto i tētahi whānuitanga tonu o ngā rahi matūriki rerekē (e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā mirimita, i te mata maikiromita rānei), e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te ōrau ihirangi. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga tohatoha rahi matūriki o te kaolin mō te whiriwhiri me te tono tukatuka o ngā konganuku. He pānga nui tōna rahi matūriki ki tōna kirihou, te matotoru paru, te kaha whakawhiti katote, te mahi hanga, te mahi whakamaroke, me te mahi tahu. Me tukatuka hangarau te konganuku kaolin, ā, ko te ngāwari ki te tukatuka ki te pai e hiahiatia ana kua noho hei paerewa mō te aromatawai i te kounga o te konganuku. He whakaritenga motuhake ā ia tari ahumahi mō te rahi matūriki me te pai o te kaolin mō ngā kaupapa rerekē. Mena e hiahia ana te United States kia iti iho i te 2 μ te kaolin e whakamahia ana hei paninga, ko te ihirangi m e 90-95%, ā, ko te rauemi whakakī pepa e iti iho i te 2 μ, ko te M e 78-80%.

Herenga takai
Ko te piri e pā ana ki te kaha o te kaolin ki te whakakotahi me ngā rauemi mata ehara i te kirihou hei hanga i ngā papatipu paru kirihou, ā, he kaha hoki ki te maroke. Ko te whakatau i te kaha here ko te tāpiri i te onepu quartz paerewa (me te hanganga papatipu o te 0.25-0.15 te rahi o te matūriki e 70% te rahi, me te 0.15-0.09mm te rahi o te matūriki e 30%) ki te kaolin. Mā te whakatau i tōna teitei i runga i te nui o te onepu i te wā e mau tonu ana te papatipu uku kirihou me tōna kaha piko i muri i te maroke, ko te nui o te onepu e tāpirihia ana, ko te kaha ake o te kaha here o tēnei kaolin. I te nuinga o te wā, he kaha hoki te kaha here o te kaolin he kaha te kirihou.

Piripiri takai
Ko te matotoru e pā ana ki tētahi āhuatanga o tētahi wai e aukati ana i tōna rere whanaunga nā te waku ā-roto. Ko tōna rahi (e pā ana ki te 1 waeine horahanga o te waku ā-roto) e tohuhia ana e te matotoru, i roto i ngā waeine o Pa · s. Ko te whakatau i te matotoru ka inehia mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita matotoru hurihuri, e ine ana i te tere hurihuri i roto i te paru kaolin kei roto te 70% o te ihirangi totoka. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa, he mea nui te matotoru. Ehara i te mea he tawhā nui noa iho i roto i te umanga uku, engari he pānga nui anō hoki ki te umanga hanga pepa. E ai ki ngā raraunga, ina whakamahia te kaolin hei paninga i ngā whenua ke, me tata te matotoru ki te 0.5Pa · s mō te paninga tere-iti me te iti iho i te 1.5Pa · s mō te paninga tere-tiketike.

Ko te thixotropy e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te paru kua whakamātotoruhia hei tiēre, ā, kāore e rere ana, ka huri hei wai i muri i te pēhanga, kātahi ka āta whakamātotoru haere ki tōna āhua taketake i muri i te noho pūmau. Ka whakamahia te tauwehenga matotoru hei tohu i tōna rahi, ā, ka inehia mā te whakamahi i te inenga matao rere me te inenga matao capillary.

E pā ana te matotoru me te thixotropy ki te hanganga kohuke, te rahi o te matūriki, me te momo cation i roto i te paru. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā mea he nui te montmorillonite, ngā matūriki pai, me te konutai hei cation whakawhiti matua, he nui te matotoru me te taunga matotoru. Nō reira, i roto i te tukanga, ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te tāpiri uku kirihou nui me te whakapai ake i te matotoru e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i tōna matotoru me te thixotropy, ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakanui ake i te electrolyte kua waimeha me te ihirangi wai e whakamahia ana hei whakaiti.