ngā purongo

Kei te kite te umanga paninga o te ao i tētahi nekehanga nui ki ngā hanganga wai, nā ngā ture taiao pakari me ngā āwangawanga e tipu haere ana mō te oranga tonutanga. Kei te pūtake o tēnei panonitanga ko te rapunga mō ngā tae mahi-teitei, ā, kua puta te pango waro hei wāhanga nui. Heoi, he wero motuhake te hanga paninga wai me te tae pango hohonu, ā, koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai te pango waro matotoru iti hei whakarerekētanga nui.

Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā paninga wai nā te iti o ngā tukunga VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), te pai ki te taiao, me te ngāwari o te horoi. Heoi, ko te whakaurunga o te pango waro paerewa ki roto i ēnei pūnaha ka piki ake te matotoru o te paninga, ka hua ake he ngoikore te rere, he hanganga kiriata kāore i te ōrite, me ngā tohu paraihe kino. Ko te pango waro matotoru iti, he momo motuhake i hangaia hei whakatika i ēnei take, ka tukuna he otinga e whakakotahi ana i te mangu hohonu me te ngāwari tukatuka pai i roto i ngā pūnaha wai.

Ko te painga matua o te pango waro matotoru iti i roto i ngā paninga wai-wai ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te matotoru iti ahakoa ngā kawenga teitei. Ko te pango waro paerewa, me tōna horahanga mata teitei me ngā rōpū mata polar pēnei i te carboxyl me te hydroxyl, ka taunekeneke kaha ki ngā ngota wai. Ka hangaia e tēnei taunekeneke he whatunga ka taea te whakaneke rua, te whakaneke toru rānei i te matotoru o te paninga i te kawenga iti o te 2-3%. He rerekē, ka whakarerekētia te mata o te pango waro matotoru iti mā te whakamahi i ngā surfactants kore-ionic pēnei i ngā waipiro ethoxylated. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei whakarerekētanga te taunekeneke i waenga i te wai me te pango waro, ka whakaitihia te kiato utu mata o te pango waro, me te pūmanawa zeta mai i te -20 ki te -30 mV (ka inehia mā te marara mārama electrophoretic). Nō reira, ka āraihia te hanganga whatunga, ka whakarite i te hanganga paninga maeneene me te rite.

He tauira tūturu nō tētahi kaihanga paninga i te Hononga o Amerika e whakaatu ana i te whai huatanga o te pango waro matotoru iti. I te whakamātautau i roto i tētahi paninga hoahoanga kiriaku wai-pūmau i te utaina 2.5%, i noho tonu te matotoru o te paninga ki te 350-400 cP (Brookfield, 60 rpm). Ki te whakataurite, ko te paninga kotahi me te pango waro paerewa he matotoru o te 800-900 cP. Nā tēnei whakahekenga nui o te matotoru i puta ai he paraihe maeneene me te roera, me te kiriata maroke e whakaatu ana i te korenga o ngā tohu paraihe e kitea ana, te kakano kiri karaka rānei.

Ko te hanganga kiriata tētahi atu āhuatanga nui e pai ai te pango waro matotoru iti. Ka whakawhirinaki ngā paninga wai ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki polymer i te wā whakamaroke hei hanga i tētahi kiriata tonu, ōrite. Ka taea e te matotoru teitei te whakararuraru i tēnei tukanga, ka puta he hapa pēnei i te poka iti, te pakaru o te rua, te piri ngoikore rānei. Ko te marara ōrite o te pango waro matotoru iti, i manatokohia mā te whakatōtōtanga porowhita, ka whakarite kia kore ngā matūriki waro pango e aukati i te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki polymer. Ko ngā kiriata maroke kei roto i tēnei pango waro motuhake e whakaatu ana i tētahi mata maeneene, me te uara taratara (Ra) o ≤0.5 μm (i inehia mā te profilometry), me te piri kaha ki ngā papa. Hei tauira, i runga i te raima, ka taea e te kaha piri te eke ki te 6-8 MPa (ASTM D4541), ki te whakaritea ki te 4-5 MPa mō ngā kiriata me te pango waro paerewa. I roto i ngā paninga rakau wai, ko te hanganga kiriata maeneene ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te kiri maori o te rakau engari ka whakarato hoki i tētahi mutunga pakari, ātete ki te rakuraku. I kōrerotia e tētahi kaihanga tāonga whare he tino pai ngā hua mā te whakamahi i te pango waro matotoru iti i roto i ngā paninga rakau polyurethane wai-wai, ā, i whakaatuhia e ngā tāonga kua oti he āhua pango kanapa, ōrite e whakaatu ana i te kakano rakau, ā, i tu atu ki te neke atu i te 500 huringa horoinga (ASTM D2486) me te kore e memeha, e tihore rānei.

He rite tonu te hiranga o ngā āhuatanga tae i roto i ngā paninga, ā, he tino pai te mahi a te pango waro matotoru iti i tēnei wāhanga. Mā te kaha tae teitei, ko te tikanga 100-110% te whakataurite ki te pango waro paerewa (i inehia mā te ASTM D2805), ka taea te whakatutuki i te pango hohonu i ngā kawenga iti. He rawaka te kawenga o te 2-2.5% hei eke ki te uara L* o te ≤12 (CIE Lab), e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ataahua o ngā paninga hoahoanga me ngā paninga ahumahi. Ko te tohatoha rahi matūriki whaiti o te pango waro matotoru iti, i te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te awhe 20-30 nm, ka whakarite kia ōrite te tae me te kore he atarangi kore e hiahiatia, ka karo i ngā tae parauri, kikorangi rānei ka puta mai i ngā tohu pango waro koretake. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau huarere tere (ASTM G154) ko ngā paninga kiriaku wai-wai kei roto te pango waro matotoru iti ka pupuri i te 80% o ō rātou tae taketake (ΔE ≤2) i muri i te 2000 hāora o te whakaaturanga, he nui ake te pai ake i ngā paninga me ngā tae pango waro, e pupuri ana i te 60% anake o ō rātou tae. Nā te ātete tino pai ki te huarere, he mea tino pai te pango waro matotoru iti mō ngā paninga wai o waho, pērā i ngā peita pakitara o waho me ngā reera whakarewa.

I roto i te whakaputa me te tuku i te pango waro matotoru iti, he mea nui te whakahaere kounga me te tautoko hangarau. Kei te wātea ngā tohu motuhake kua arotauhia mō ngā matū paninga rerekē. Ka mau tonu ēnei tohu i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana ōrite, tae atu ki te horahanga mata BET o te 200-240 m²/g, te uara mimiti DBP o te 90-100 cm³/100g, me te pH kūpapa o te 6.5-7.5 kia kore ai e pā ki te pakari o te paninga. Mā te whakahaere pakari i te ihirangi konganuku taumaha, me te mata ≤0.0005% me te āheniki ≤0.0003%, ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa taiao o te ao pēnei i te LEED me te Eurofins.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā ratonga kawe i roto i te mekameka tuku o te pango waro matotoru iti. Ka whakamahia ngā putea wairewa-wai (25 kg/pēke) hei whakahaere i te marara ngāwari ki roto i ngā pūnaha wai, ka whakakorea te hiahia ki te whakatuwhera i ngā putea me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te puehu me te poke. Mō te whakaputanga tauine nui, kei te wātea ngā ipu nui 500 kg me ngā takirere tuku raro mō te whāngai aunoa. Me te whatunga kaipuke ā-ao e kapi ana i ngā pokapū hanga paninga nui i Ūropi, Āhia, me Amerika ki te Tonga, ko ngā wā tuku mai i waenga i te 12-25 rā. Ka whakaratohia e te tīma hoko-muri te tautoko i te papaanga.

Wā tuku: Hepetema-04-2025