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Whakahaerehia te nekehanga o ngā matūriki nano waikura rino aukume hei tuku i ngā matūriki cytostatics ki te kaupapa matua.
Kaituhi Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova,1 Dmitry Korolev,1 Maria Istomina,1,2 Galina Shulmeyster,1 Alexey Petukhov,1,3 Vladimir Mishanin,1 Andrey Gorshkov,4 Ekaterina Podyacheva,1 Kamil Gareev,2 Alexei Bagrov,5 Oleg Demidov6,71Almazov Pokapū Rangahau Hauora ā-Motu o te Manatū Hauora o te Rūhia, St. Petersburg, 197341, Rūhia; 2 Te Whare Wānanga Hiko Hangarau o St. Petersburg “LETI”, St. Petersburg, 197376, Rūhia; 3 Pokapū Rongoā Whaiaro, Pokapū Rangahau Hauora ā-Motu o Almazov, Manatū Hauora o te Rūhia, St. Petersburg, 197341, Rūhia; 4FSBI “Influenza Research Institute named after AA Smorodintsev” Manatū Hauora o te Rūhia, St. Petersburg, Rūhia; 5 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Rūhia; 6 RAS Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, 194064, Rūhia; 7INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bourgogne-Franche Comté University of Dijon, France Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Yana ToropovaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Rūhia Waea +7 981 95264800 4997069 Īmēra [email protected] Papamuri: Ko tētahi huarahi whai hua ki te raruraru o te paitini cytostatic ko te whakamahinga o ngā matūriki aukume (MNP) mō te tuku rongoā kua arotahihia. Kaupapa: Hei whakamahi i ngā tātaitanga hei whakatau i ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu o te papa aukume e whakahaere ana i ngā MNP i roto i te tinana ora, me te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te tuku magnetron o ngā MNP ki ngā pukupuku kiore i roto i te vitro me te tinana ora. (MNPs-ICG) e whakamahia ana. I whakahaerehia ngā rangahau kaha luminescence in vivo i roto i ngā kiore pukupuku, me te kore papa aukume i te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. I whakahaerehia ēnei rangahau i runga i tētahi tūāpapa hydrodynamic i whakawhanakehia e te Institute of Experimental Medicine o te Almazov State Medical Research Center o te Manatū Hauora o Rūhia. Hua: Nā te whakamahinga o ngā aukume neodymium i whakatairanga te kohikohinga whiriwhiri o te MNP. Kotahi meneti i muri i te tukunga o ngā MNPs-ICG ki ngā kiore he pukupuku, ka kohikohi te nuinga o ngā MNPs-ICG ki roto i te ate. I te ngaro me te aroaro o tētahi papa aukume, e tohu ana tēnei i tōna ara pākia. Ahakoa i kitea he pikinga o te fluorescence i roto i te pukupuku i te aroaro o tētahi papa aukume, kāore te kaha fluorescence i roto i te ate o te kararehe i rerekē i roto i te wā. Whakatau: Ko tēnei momo MNP, me te kaha o te papa aukume kua tatauhia, ka taea te waiho hei pūtake mō te whakawhanaketanga o te tukunga o ngā rongoā cytostatic e whakahaerehia ana e te aukume ki ngā kiko pukupuku. Kupumatua: tātari fluorescence, indocyanine, nanoparticles rino waikura, tukunga magnetron o ngā cytostatics, arotahi pukupuku
Ko ngā mate pukupuku tētahi o ngā tino take o te mate puta noa i te ao. I taua wā anō, kei te mau tonu te kaha o te pikinga o te mate me te matenga o ngā mate pukupuku. 1 Ko te rongoā chemotherapy e whakamahia ana i ēnei rā tētahi o ngā maimoatanga matua mō ngā momo pukupuku rerekē. I taua wā anō, he mea nui tonu te whanaketanga o ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te paitini pūnaha o ngā rongoā cytostatic. Ko tētahi tikanga whai hua hei whakaoti i tōna raruraru paitini ko te whakamahi i ngā kaikawe nano-tauine hei arotahi ki ngā tikanga tuku rongoā, ka taea te whakarato i te kohikohinga ā-rohe o ngā rongoā ki roto i ngā kiko pukupuku me te kore e whakanui ake i tō rātou kohikohinga ki roto i ngā whekau me ngā kiko hauora. 2 Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te arotahi ki ngā rongoā chemotherapy ki ngā kiko pukupuku, me te whakaiti i ō rātou paitini pūnaha.
I roto i ngā momo matūriki nano e whakaarohia ana mō te tuku i ngā kaihoko cytostatic, he mea tino hira ngā matūriki nano aukume (MNP) nā te mea he āhuatanga matū, koiora, me te aukume ahurei ō rātou, e whakarite ana i tō rātou whānui. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matūriki nano aukume hei pūnaha whakamahana hei rongoā i ngā pukupuku me te hyperthermia (hyperthermia aukume). Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei kaihoko tātaritanga (tataritanga aukume). 3-5 Mā te whakamahi i ēnei āhuatanga, me te āheinga o te kohikohi MNP ki tētahi wāhi motuhake, mā te whakamahi i tētahi papa aukume o waho, ka whakatuwherahia e te tukunga o ngā whakaritenga rongoā kua tohua te hanganga o tētahi pūnaha magnetron maha-mahi hei arotahi i ngā cytostatic ki te wāhi pukupuku. Ka uru atu ki tētahi pūnaha pēnei te MNP me ngā papa aukume hei whakahaere i ō rātou nekehanga i roto i te tinana. I tēnei take, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā papa aukume o waho me ngā whakaurunga aukume kua whakanohoia ki te rohe tinana kei roto te pukupuku hei pūtake o te papa aukume. 6 He ngoikoretanga nui tō te tikanga tuatahi, tae atu ki te hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu motuhake mō te arotahi aukume ki ngā rongoā me te hiahia ki te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi ki te mahi pokanga. Hei tāpiritanga, he nui te utu mō tēnei tikanga, ā, he pai anake mō ngā pukupuku "papa" e tata ana ki te mata o te tinana. Mā te tikanga rerekē o te whakamahi i ngā whakaurunga aukume ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o tēnei hangarau, ka māmā ake te whakamahi i ngā pukupuku kei roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā aukume takitahi me ngā aukume kua whakauruhia ki roto i te stent intraluminal hei whakaurunga mō te kino o te pukupuku i roto i ngā whekau tuwhera hei whakarite i tō rātou mana. Heoi, e ai ki ā mātou ake rangahau kāore anō kia whakaputaina, kāore ēnei i te rawaka te aukume hei whakarite i te pupuri o te MNP mai i te toto.
Ko te whai huatanga o te tuku rongoā magnetron e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha: ngā āhuatanga o te kaikawe aukume tonu, me ngā āhuatanga o te pūtake o te papa aukume (tae atu ki ngā tawhā āhuahanga o ngā aukume tuturu me te kaha o te papa aukume e whakaputaina ana e rātou). Ko te whakawhanaketanga o te hangarau tuku aukati pūtau ārahi aukume angitu me uru ki te whakawhanaketanga o ngā kaikawe rongoā nano aukume tika, te aromatawai i tō rātou haumaru, me te whakawhanake i tētahi kawa tirohanga e taea ai te whai i ō rātou nekehanga i roto i te tinana.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tatauhia e mātou ngā āhuatanga o te papa aukume tino pai hei whakahaere i te kawe rongoā nano-tauine aukume i roto i te tinana. I rangahauhia hoki te āheinga o te pupuri i te MNP mā roto i te pakitara o ngā oko toto i raro i te awe o tētahi papa aukume kua whakamahia me ēnei āhuatanga rorohiko i roto i ngā oko toto kiore kua wehea. Hei tāpiri, i hangaia e mātou ngā hononga o ngā MNP me ngā kaihoko fluorescent, ā, i whakawhanakehia he tikanga mō tō rātou whakaaturanga in vivo. I raro i ngā āhuatanga in vivo, i roto i ngā kiore tauira pukupuku, i rangahauhia te whai huatanga o te kohikohinga o ngā MNP i roto i ngā kiko pukupuku i te wā i tukuna ā-tinana i raro i te awe o tētahi papa aukume.
I roto i te rangahau in vitro, i whakamahia e mātou te MNP tohutoro, ā, i roto i te rangahau in vivo, i whakamahia e mātou te MNP kua pania ki te polyester waikawa lactic (waikawa polylactic, PLA) kei roto he kaihoko fluorescent (indolecyanine; ICG). Kei roto te MNP-ICG i roto i te Mēnā ka whakamahia (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
Kua whakamāramahia te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te MNP i ētahi atu wāhi. 7,8
Hei hanga i ngā MNP-ICG, i hangaia tuatahitia ngā hononga PLA-ICG. I whakamahia he ranunga paura racemic o te PLA-D me te PLA-L me te taumaha ngota o te 60 kDa.
I te mea he waikawa te PLA me te ICG, kia taea ai te hanga i ngā hononga PLA-ICG, me hanga tuatahi he āputa amino-terminated i runga i te PLA, hei āwhina i te ICG chemisorb ki te āputa. I hangaia te āputa mā te whakamahi i te ethylene diamine (EDA), te tikanga carbodiimide me te carbodiimide wairewa-wai, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). Ka hangaia te āputa PLA-EDA penei. Tāpirihia te 20-ngā molar excess o te EDA me te 20-ngā molar excess o te EDAC ki te 2 mL o te 0.1 g/mL o te otinga PLA chloroform. I mahia te hanga i roto i te ngongo whakamātautau polypropylene 15 mL i runga i te rūrū i te tere o te 300 min-1 mō te 2 hāora. Kei te whakaatuhia te kaupapa hanga i te Pikitia 1. Whakahokia te hanga me te 200-ngā excess o ngā tauhohenga hei arotau i te kaupapa hanga.
I te mutunga o te hanganga, i whakatōngia te otinga i te tere o te 3000 min-1 mō te 5 meneti hei tango i ngā matū polyethylene kua whakatōngia. Kātahi ka tāpirihia te 2 mL o te otinga ICG 0.5 mg/mL i roto i te dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ki te otinga 2 mL. Ka whakapūmauhia te kaiwhakaoho i te tere whakaoho o te 300 min-1 mō te 2 hāora. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa kauwhata o te hononga i whiwhihia i te Pikitia 2.
I roto i te 200 mg MNP, i tāpirihia e mātou he 4 mL PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate. Whakamahia he ruru LS-220 (LOIP, Rūhia) hei whakaoho i te wai whakatārewatanga mō te 30 meneti i te auau o te 300 min-1. Kātahi ka horoia ki te isopropanol e toru ngā wā, ā, ka tukuna ki te wehenga aukume. Whakamahia te UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Rūhia) hei tāpiri i te IPA ki te wai whakatārewatanga mō te 5-10 meneti i raro i te mahi ultrasonic tonu. I muri i te horoinga IPA tuatoru, ka horoia te wai whakapūkara ki te wai whakapūkara, ā, ka tāpirihia anō ki te tote ā-tinana i te kukū o te 2 mg/mL.
I whakamahia te taputapu ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) hei ako i te tohatoha rahi o te MNP i whiwhihia i roto i te otinga wai. I whakamahia he karu hiko tuku (TEM) me te cathode tukunga mara JEM-1400 STEM (JEOL, Hapani) hei ako i te āhua me te rahi o te MNP.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, ka whakamahia e mātou ngā aukume tuturu porotaka (te kounga N35; me te paninga tiaki nikara) me ngā rahi paerewa e whai ake nei (te roa o te tuaka roa × te whānui o te rango): 0.5×2 mm, 2×2 mm, 3×2 mm me te 5×2 mm.
I whakahaerehia te rangahau in vitro o te kawe MNP i roto i te pūnaha tauira i runga i tētahi tūāpapa hydrodynamic i whakawhanakehia e te Institute of Experimental Medicine o te Almazov State Medical Research Center o te Manatū Hauora o Rūhia. Ko te rōrahi o te wai e rere ana (wai kua whakatōkia, wairewa Krebs-Henseleit rānei) he 225 mL. Ka whakamahia ngā aukume porotaka kua whakatōkia hei aukume tuturu. Whakatakotoria te aukume ki runga i tētahi pupuri 1.5 mm te tawhiti atu i te pakitara o roto o te ngongo karāhe pokapū, me tōna pito e anga ana ki te ahunga o te ngongo (poutū). Ko te tere rere o te wai i roto i te koropiko kati he 60 L/h (e rite ana ki te tere raina o te 0.225 m/s). Ka whakamahia te wairewa Krebs-Henseleit hei wai e rere ana nā te mea he rite ki te plasma. Ko te tauwehenga matotoru hihiri o te plasma he 1.1–1.3 mPa∙s. 9 Ko te nui o te MNP e piri ana ki te papa aukume ka whakatauhia e te spectrophotometry mai i te kukū o te rino i roto i te wai e rere ana i muri i te whakamātautau.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua whakahaerehia ngā rangahau whakamātautau i runga i tētahi ripanga miihini wai kua whakapaitia hei whakatau i te urunga whanaunga o ngā oko toto. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te tautoko waiora kei te whakaatuhia i te Pikitia 3. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te stent waiora he porowhita kati e whakaata ana i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te pūnaha toto tauira me te tāke rokiroki. Ko te nekehanga o te wai tauira i te taha o te kōwae toto ka whakaratohia e te papu peristaltic. I te wā o te whakamātautau, kia mau tonu te mimiti me te awhe pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, me te aroturuki i ngā tawhā pūnaha (te pāmahana, te pēhanga, te tere rere o te wai, me te uara pH).
Ahua 3 Kauwhata poraka o te whakatakotoranga i whakamahia hei ako i te urunga o te pakitara o te uaua carotid. 1-tāke rokiroki, 2-papu peristaltic, 3-tikanga mō te whakauru i te whakatārewatanga kei roto te MNP ki roto i te koropiko, 4-mita rere, 5-pūoko pēhanga i roto i te koropiko, 6-whakawhiti wera, 7-rūma me te ipu, 8-te pūtake o te papa aukume, 9-te poihau me ngā warowaihā.
E toru ngā ipu o te rūma kei roto te ipu: he ipu nui o waho, me ētahi ipu iti e rua, e haere ai ngā ringa o te ara iahiko pokapū. Ka whakaurua te cannula ki roto i te ipu iti, ka herea te ipu ki runga i te ipu iti, ā, ka herea pūmau te pito o te cannula ki tētahi waea angiangi. Ka whakakīia te wāhi i waenganui i te ipu nui me te ipu iti ki te wai whakapūkara, ā, ka noho tonu te pāmahana nā te hononga ki te whakawhiti wera. Ka whakakīia te wāhi i roto i te ipu iti ki te otinga Krebs-Henseleit hei pupuri i te oranga o ngā pūtau toto. Ka whakakīia hoki te tāke ki te otinga Krebs-Henseleit. Ka whakamahia te pūnaha tuku hau (waro) hei whakamakuku i te otinga i roto i te ipu iti i roto i te tāke rokiroki me te rūma kei roto te ipu (Pikitia 4).
Pikitia 4 Te rūma kei reira te ipu. 1-He pūwero hei whakaheke i ngā uaua toto, 2-Te rūma o waho, 3-Te rūma iti. Ko te pere e tohu ana i te ahunga o te wai tauira.
Hei whakatau i te taupū uruhanga whanaunga o te pakitara o te oko toto, i whakamahia te uaua carotid kiore.
Ko te whakaurunga o te whakatārewatanga MNP (0.5mL) ki roto i te pūnaha he ēnei āhuatanga: ko te rōrahi ā-roto katoa o te tāke me te paipa hono i roto i te koropiko he 20mL, ā, ko te rōrahi ā-roto o ia rūma he 120mL. Ko te pūtake o te papa aukume o waho he aukume tuturu me te rahi paerewa o te 2×3 mm. Ka tāutahia ki runga ake i tētahi o ngā rūma iti, 1 cm te tawhiti atu i te ipu, me te anga atu o tētahi pito ki te pakitara ipu. Ka puritia te pāmahana ki te 37°C. Ka whakatakotoria te mana o te papu roera ki te 50%, e rite ana ki te tere o te 17 cm/s. Hei mana whakahaere, i tangohia ngā tauira i roto i te pūtau kāore he aukume tuturu.
Kotahi te haora i muri i te tukunga o tētahi kukū o te MNP, ka tangohia he tauira wai mai i te rūma. I inehia te kukū o te matūriki mā te whakamahi i te ine ine Unico 2802S UV-Vis (United Products & Instruments, USA). I ​​runga i te whakaaro ki te whānuitanga mimiti o te whakatārewatanga MNP, i mahia te ine i te 450 nm.
E ai ki ngā aratohu a Rus-LASA-FELASA, ka whakatipuhia ngā kararehe katoa i roto i ngā whare motuhake kāore he mate urutā. E tutuki ana tēnei rangahau i ngā ture matatika katoa e pā ana ki ngā whakamātautau me ngā rangahau kararehe, ā, kua whiwhi whakaaetanga matatika mai i te Almazov National Medical Research Center (IACUC). I inu wai ngā kararehe i te wā tika, ā, i whāngai tonu.
I whakahaerehia te rangahau ki ngā kiore NSG tāne 10 kua whakamoea, he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate, he 12 wiki te pakeke (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, he 22 karamu ± 10% te taumaha. Nā te mea kua pehia te ārai mate o ngā kiore ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate, ka taea e ngā kiore ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate o tēnei momo te whakawhitinga pūtau me ngā kiko tangata me te kore e whakakorengia te whakawhitinga. Ko ngā hoa whānau mai i ngā whare herehere rerekē i tohaina matapōkeretia ki te rōpū whakamātautau, ā, i whānau tahi rātou, i whakatōkia rānei ki te moenga o ētahi atu rōpū kia ōrite ai te pānga ki ngā microbiota noa.
Ka whakamahia te raina pūtau matepukupuku tangata HeLa hei whakatū i tētahi tauira xenograft. I whakatōngia ngā pūtau ki roto i te DMEM kei roto ko te glutamine (PanEco, Rūhia), i tāpirihia ki te 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, USA), 100 CFU/mL penicillin, me te 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Nā te Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory o te Institute of Cell Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences i tuku mai te raina pūtau. I mua i te werohanga, i tangohia ngā pūtau HeLa mai i te kirihou whakatōnga me te otinga trypsin:Versene 1:1 (Biolot, Rūhia). I muri i te horoinga, i whakatarewahia ngā pūtau ki roto i te reo katoa ki te kukū o te 5×106 pūtau ia 200 μL, ā, i whakaranua ki te basement membrane matrix (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1:1, i runga i te hukapapa). I werohangahia te whakatarewa pūtau kua whakaritea ki raro i te kiri o te huha kiore. Whakamahia ngā calipers hiko hei aroturuki i te tipu o te pukupuku i ia 3 rā.
I te taenga o te pukupuku ki te 500 mm3, ka whakatōkia he aukume tuturu ki roto i te kiko uaua o te kararehe whakamātautau e tata ana ki te pukupuku. I roto i te rōpū whakamātautau (MNPs-ICG + pukupuku-M), ka werohia he 0.1 mL o te whakatārewatanga MNP, ā, ka whakaaturia ki te papa aukume. I whakamahia ngā kararehe katoa kāore i rongoatia hei mana whakahaere (papamuri). Hei tāpiri, i whakamahia ngā kararehe i werohia ki te 0.1 mL o te MNP engari kāore i whakatōkia ki ngā aukume (MNPs-ICG + pukupuku-BM).
I whakahaerehia te whakaaturanga hihi-ā-ira o ngā tauira in vivo me in vitro i runga i te IVIS Lumina LT series III bioimager (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). Mō te whakaaturanga in vitro, i tāpirihia he rōrahi 1 mL o te PLA-EDA-ICG hangai me te MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG ki ngā poka pereti. Me te whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga hihi-ā-ira o te tae ICG, ka tīpakohia te tātari pai rawa atu hei whakatau i te kaha o te māramatanga o te tauira: ko te roangaru whakaoho mōrahi ko 745 nm, ā, ko te roangaru tukunga ko 815 nm. I whakamahia te pūmanawa Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) hei ine i te kaha hihi-ā-ira o ngā poka kei roto te hihi-ā-ira.
I inehia te kaha o te hihi me te kohikohinga o te hononga MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG i roto i ngā kiore tauira pukupuku in vivo, me te kore he aroaro me te tono o te papa aukume ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. I whakamoea ngā kiore ki te isoflurane, kātahi ka werohia te 0.1 mL o te hononga MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG mā te uaua hiku. I whakamahia ngā kiore kāore i rongoatia hei mana whakahaere kino hei whiwhi i te papamuri hihi. I muri i te tukunga o te hononga mā te uaua, whakanohoia te kararehe ki runga i te atamira whakamahana (37°C) i roto i te rūma o te whakaahua hihi IVIS Lumina LT raupapa III (PerkinElmer Inc.) me te pupuri tonu i te manawa me te 2% whakamoea isoflurane. Whakamahia te tātari hanga-roto a ICG (745–815 nm) mō te kimi tohu 1 meneti me te 15 meneti i muri i te whakaurunga o te MNP.
Hei aromatawai i te kohikohinga o te hononga i roto i te pukupuku, i hipokina te rohe peritoneal o te kararehe ki te pepa, i taea ai te whakakore i te kanapa o te hihi e pā ana ki te kohikohinga o ngā matūriki i roto i te ate. Whai muri i te ako i te tohatoha koiora o te MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG, i whakamatea ngā kararehe mā te whakamahi i te nui rawa o te isoflurane hei wehewehe i ngā rohe pukupuku me te aromatawai ine o te hihi hihi. Whakamahia te pūmanawa Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) hei tukatuka ā-ringa i te tātaritanga tohu mai i te rohe e hiahiatia ana. E toru ngā inenga i tangohia mō ia kararehe (n = 9).
I roto i tēnei rangahau, kāore mātou i ine i te angitu o te utaina o te ICG ki runga i ngā MNP-ICG. Hei tāpiri, kāore mātou i whakataurite i te whai huatanga o te pupuri o ngā matūriki nano i raro i te awe o ngā aukume tuturu o ngā āhua rerekē. Hei tāpiri, kāore mātou i aromatawai i te pānga roa o te papa aukume ki te pupuri o ngā matūriki nano i roto i ngā kiko pukupuku.
Ko ngā matūriki nano te nuinga, me te rahi toharite o te 195.4 nm. Hei tāpiri, i roto i te whakatārewatanga he mea kohikohi he rahi toharite o te 1176.0 nm (Pikitia 5A). Muri iho, i tātarihia te wāhanga mā te tātari porowhita. Ko te pūmanawa zeta o ngā matūriki he -15.69 mV (Pikitia 5B).
Ahua 5 Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te whakatārewatanga: (A) te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki; (B) te tohatoha matūriki i te pūmanawa zeta; (C) Whakaahua TEM o ngā matūriki nano.
Ko te rahi o te matūriki he 200 nm te nuinga (Pikitia 5C), he mea tito mai i te MNP kotahi he 20 nm te rahi, me te anga rauropi honohono PLA-EDA-ICG he iti ake te kiato irahiko. Ka taea te whakamārama i te hanganga o ngā mea whakahiato i roto i ngā wairewa wai mā te iti o te modulus o te kaha hikohiko o ngā matūriki nano takitahi.
Mō ngā aukume tuturu, ina kukū te aukumetanga ki te rōrahi V, ka wehea te whakaaturanga whakauru ki ngā whakauru e rua, arā, te rōrahi me te mata:
Mēnā he tauira kei a ia te aukumetanga pumau, he kore te kiato o te iahiko. Kātahi ka whai i te āhua e whai ake nei te whakaaturanga o te whārite aukumetanga:
Whakamahia te kaupapa MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., USA) mō te tatau tau, nama raihana mātauranga ETU “LETI” 40502181.
E ai ki te Pikitia 7 Pikitia 8 Pikitia 9 Pikitia-10, ko te papa aukume kaha rawa atu ka puta mai i te aukume e anga ana ki te taha tuaka mai i te pito o te rango. Ko te radius mahi whai hua he rite ki te āhua o te aukume. I roto i ngā aukume porotaka me te rango he nui ake te roa i tōna diameter, ka kitea te papa aukume kaha rawa atu i te ahunga tuaka-radial (mō te wāhanga e rite ana); nō reira, ko te takirua o ngā rango he nui ake te ōwehenga āhua (diameter me te roa) MNP adsorption te mea tino whai hua.
Pikitia 7 Ko te wāhanga o te kaha o te aukume Bz i te tuaka Oz o te aukume; te rahi paerewa o te aukume: rārangi pango 0.5×2mm, rārangi kikorangi 2×2mm, rārangi kakariki 3×2mm, rārangi whero 5×2mm.
Pikitia 8 Ko te wāhanga aukume Br he poutū ki te tuaka aukume Oz; ko te rahi paerewa o te aukume: rārangi pango 0.5×2mm, rārangi kikorangi 2×2mm, rārangi kakariki 3×2mm, rārangi whero 5×2mm.
Pikitia 9 Ko te kaha o te aukume Bz i te tawhiti r mai i te tuaka mutunga o te aukume (z=0); te rahi paerewa o te aukume: rārangi pango 0.5×2mm, rārangi kikorangi 2×2mm, rārangi kakariki 3×2mm, rārangi whero 5×2mm.
Ahua 10 Te wāhanga aukume i te ahunga porowhita; te rahi o te aukume paerewa: rārangi pango 0.5×2mm, rārangi kikorangi 2×2mm, rārangi kakariki 3×2mm, rārangi whero 5×2mm.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tauira waiora motuhake hei ako i te tikanga tuku MNP ki ngā kiko pukupuku, hei whakatōtō i ngā matūriki nano ki te rohe ūnga, me te whakatau i te whanonga o ngā matūriki nano i raro i ngā āhuatanga waiora i roto i te pūnaha tohanga toto. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā aukume tuturu hei mara aukume o waho. Ki te kore tātou e aro ki te taunekeneke aukume i waenga i ngā matūriki nano, ā, kāore hoki e whakaarohia te tauira wai aukume, he rawaka noa iho te whakatau tata i te taunekeneke i waenga i te aukume me te matūriki nano kotahi me te whakatata dipole-dipole.
Ko m te aukume aukume o te aukume, ko r te radius vector o te pūwāhi kei reira te nanoparticle, ā, ko k te pūnaha tauwehe. I roto i te whakatata dipole, he rite te whirihoranga o te mara o te aukume (Pikitia 11).
I roto i tētahi papa aukume ōrite, ka huri noa ngā matūriki nano i ngā rārangi kaha. I roto i tētahi papa aukume kāore i te ōrite, ka pā te kaha ki runga:
Kei hea te pānga o tētahi ahunga kua hoatu ko l. Hei tāpiri, ka kukume te kaha i ngā matūriki nano ki ngā wāhi tino koretake o te mara, arā, ka piki ake te piko me te mātotoru o ngā rārangi kaha.
Nō reira, he mea hiahia kia whakamahia he aukume kaha (he mekameka aukume rānei) e kitea ana te anisotropy axial ki te rohe kei reira ngā matūriki.
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 i te kaha o tētahi aukume kotahi hei pūtake o te papa aukume ki te hopu me te pupuri i te MNP i roto i te moenga toto o te papa tono.