Ko te whakamahinga o te paura diatomite i roto i te hanga pepa e hiahiatia ana he tukatuka motuhake e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga ahumahi. Ka horoia te konganuku diatomite mata kia kore ai e poke te uku me te onepu. Muri iho, ka whakamarokehia mārire i ngā pāmahana mai i te 100-120°C kia mau tonu ai tōna hanganga porowhita nui. Kātahi ka whakamahia ngā tukanga huri hei whakaputa paura me ngā rahi matūriki rerekē i waenga i te 5-30 μm. Ko ngā matūriki pai rawa atu, i roto i te awhe 5-15 μm, ka whakamahia hei tae paninga mahi-teitei mō te pepa tā kanapa-teitei, ko ngā matūriki matotoru (20-30 μm) he mea whakakī whai hua i roto i ngā tono pepa tuhituhi me te takai. Ko ētahi momo paura diatomite ka maimoatia te mata ki ngā polymer cationic hei whakarei ake i te hototahitanga ki ngā muka cellulose, kia rite ai te horapa i roto i te hanganga penupenu.

Hei whakakī pepa, ka nui ake te pai o te paura diatomite i ngā momo kē atu tuku iho pērā i te konupūmā kāponāte (CaCO₃) me te kaolin rānei i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha. Nā tōna āhua pūwero ka taea e ia te kaha ki te marara mārama, ka nui ake te mārama o te pepa me te kore e piki haere te taumaha o te pūtake. I roto i te hanga pepa tā, mā te whakakapi i te 10-15% o te penupenu rakau ki te paura diatomite ka taea te hua ake he 10-15% te mārama o te TAPPI. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaihanga pepa te whakaiti i te kai penupenu, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te whakaiti i te ngahere me te penapena utu. Hei tauira, i whakauruhia e tētahi mira pepa Finnish te 8% o te paura diatomite ki roto i tana hanganga pepa tānga ā-waewae, ka hua ake he pikinga o te mārama mai i te 88% ki te 96%, he 12% te hekenga o te whakamahinga penupenu, me te 18% te hekenga o ngā utu rauemi mata. Hei tāpiri, ko te mā nui o te paura diatomite (uara L* ≥92) ka whakarite kia mau tonu te āhua kanapa, kia ma, he mea nui mō te whakaputa tuhinga me te whakaahua kounga teitei.

Ka whakatikahia hoki e te paura diatomite tētahi herenga noa o ngā whakakī tuku iho mā te whakarei ake i te kaha ā-pūkaha o te pepa. Mā tōna hanganga pūwero ka pai ake te hononga i waenga i ngā muka cellulose, ka mahi hei "piriti" ina whakauruhia ki roto i te penupenu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te pepa kua whakakiia ki te CaCO₃, ka taea e te paura diatomite te whakanui ake i te kaha kume mā te 8-12% me te kaha haehae mā te 10-15%. He tino whai hua tēnei āhuatanga mō te pepa takai, me tu atu ki te whakahaere me te kawe pakari. Hei tauira, i tutuki i tētahi kaihanga pepa takai Haina tētahi whakapainga nui i roto i te kaha pahū mai i te 2.5 kPa·m²/g ki te 3.2 kPa·m²/g mā te whakauru i te 12% paura diatomite ki roto i tana hanganga pepa kōpikopiko, ka taea ai e te pepa te tautoko i ngā kawenga taumaha me te kore e rahua.

Ko te āheinga tā tētahi atu wāhanga e tino pai ai te paura diatomite. Hei tae paninga, ka hangaia he mata maeneene, ōrite e whakapai ake ana i te piri o te waituhi me te whakaputa ira. I roto i te pepa kore-rakau pania, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā maheni me ngā rārangi pukapuka, ko ngā paninga i ahu mai i te paura diatomite e whakaatu ana i te taratara o te mata (Ra) o te 0.5-0.8 μm, ki te whakaritea ki te 1.0-1.2 μm mō ngā paninga i ahu mai i te kaolin. Mā tēnei mata maeneene ka hua ake he ira tā koi ake, he whakaheke i te rere o te waituhi, me te whakarei ake i te kanapa o te tae. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ahumahi tā ka eke te pepa paninga paura diatomite ki te pikinga ira o te 90-95%, ki te whakaritea ki te 80-85% mō te pepa paninga tuku iho. Heoi anō, ko te hanganga pūwero o te paura diatomite ka mimiti i te waituhi nui, ka whakaiti i te wā whakamaroke mā te 20-25%, ā, ka whakarei ake i te pai o te mīhini tā me te whakaiti i ngā aukati whakaputa.

He nui ngā painga taiao o te paura diatomite i roto i te hanga pepa. Mā te whakaiti i ngā hiahia penupenu, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi e pā ana ki te hanga penupenu, e uru ana ki te tapahi rakau nui, te kawe, me te tukatuka matū. Ko ngā mira pepa e whakauru ana i te 10% o te paura diatomite e whakaatu ana i te whakahekenga 10-12% o ngā tukunga CO₂. Kāore i rite ki ngā whakakī hangai e tuku ana i ngā kirihou moroiti ki te taiao, he pirau te paura diatomite, ā, kāore he paitini. Ka whakangawaritia hoki te maimoatanga wai para i roto i ngā mira ma te whakamahi i te paura diatomite, nā te mea ka taea te tango i te paura mā te whakatō me te whakamahi anō i roto i ngā hua pepa iti ake te kounga, ka whakaitihia te whakaputanga para.

I roto i ngā tono pepa motuhake, ka whakawhiwhia e te paura diatomite ngā āhuatanga mahi ahurei. I roto i te pepa takai ātete-hinu, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā kai tere me ngā kai mātao, ka hangaia e tōna hanganga pūwero he ārai whai hua ki te hinu, e tuku ana i tētahi huarahi pumau ki ngā paninga hangai pērā i te polyethylene (PE). I kōrerohia e tētahi mekameka kai tere Hapanihi he whakapainga 40% te ātete-hinu i muri i te huri ki te pepa ātete-hinu kua whakarerekētia te paura diatomite, me te pupuri tonu i te kaha o te pepa ki te wairākau. I roto i te pepa wera, e whakamahia ana mō ngā rīhiti me ngā tapanga, ka mahi te paura diatomite hei kawe wera, e whakarei ake ana i te aro o te tā me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o ngā pane tā wera.

I te hanga pepa me te paura diatomite, me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga, tae atu ki te hototahitanga pH, te mararatanga, me ngā taumata utaina. Ka whakaatuhia e te paura diatomite te pumau i roto i te awhe pH kūpapa ki te paku kawakore (6.5-8.0) e rite ana ki ngā tukanga hanga pepa hou, e ārai ana i te pirau muka i puta mai i te waikawa. Ko te mararatanga tika, e tutukihia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā hydropulpers, i ngā disperser rānei, he mea nui hei ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā matūriki, ka arahi pea ki ngā hapa pepa pēnei i ngā ira me ngā kōhao. Ka rerekē ngā taumata utaina i runga i te tono: 5-10% mō te pepa tā me te pepa tuhituhi, 10-15% mō te pepa takai, me te 15-20% mō te pepa motuhake. Ki te neke atu i te 20% ka raru pea te ngāwari o te pepa, ka hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga ki te ranunga muka.

Hei whakamutunga, kua hurihia e te paura diatomite te umanga hanga pepa, ā, kua nui ngā whanaketanga i roto i te mārama, te kaha, te āheinga tā, me te pumau. Nā tōna kaha ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te penupenu, te tapahi i ngā utu, me te whakarei ake i te mahi pepa, ka waiho hei rauemi whiriwhiri mā ngā mira e whakaputa ana i te whānuitanga o ngā hua pepa. I te mea kei te whakatairanga tonu te umanga i te tiaki taiao me te hiranga o te hua, kei te rite te hiahia o te ao mō te paura diatomite kounga hanga pepa ki te tipu tere. E whakaatu ana tēnei ia i te tūranga matua o te rauemi ki te hanga i te heke mai o te hanga pepa pumau, te akiaki i te auahatanga, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia e whanake ana o ngā kaihoko me ngā ahumahi. Ko te whakaurunga o te paura diatomite ki roto i ngā tukanga hanga pepa he taahiraa nui ki mua i te whai i te hanga pepa pai ake, pai ki te taiao, me te mahi teitei.