Ko te tikanga whakatōtō e kiia ana ko te tikanga mākū, ā, ko ngā rauemi mata matua ko te onepu kuata, te pungarehu houra, te waikawa hauwaiora ahumahi, te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa hauota, te hauhā waro rānei. Ko te huarahi tukatuka whānui ko: te whakamahi tuatahi i te hinu wahie, te waro kounga teitei rānei i te pāmahana teitei, te tauhohenga o te onepu kuata me te pungarehu houra hei whakaputa i te karāhe wai ahumahi, ka whakaritea te karāhe wai ahumahi ki roto i tētahi kukū o te otinga waimeha, kātahi ka tāpirihia he waikawa i raro i ētahi tikanga, kia puta ai te silica, ā, i muri i te horoinga, te tātari, te whakamaroke (te whakamaroke, te rehu rānei), te huri, hei whakaputa i te hua waro pango mā. Ka wehea te tikanga whakatōtō ki te tikanga waikawa, te tikanga oneone, te tikanga whakatōtō waro me te maha atu o ngā tikanga motuhake.

(1) Tikanga waikawa

Ko te tikanga waikawa whānui ko te tauhohe ki te silicate wairewa me te waikawa whanariki (me ētahi atu waikawa rānei), ina tae te wai tauhohe ki tētahi uara, kati te tauhohenga waikawa, te koroheketanga, kātahi ka tātarihia, ka horoia ki te wai i ngā wā maha, tangohia te Na2S04, tukua kia maroke, kuruhia kia puta te hua.

(2) Tikanga rā

E kiia ana tēnei he huarahi tukanga pai ake, engari he uaua ake te tukanga i te tikanga waikawa, ā, he teitei ake ngā whakaritenga whakahaere āhua. Tuatahi, ka tauhohe te waikawa hauwaiora me te konutai silicate ki te whakaputa i tētahi kukū o te konutai waimeha, i raro i te āhua o te whakamahana me te whakaoho, ka tāpirihia te otinga waimeha o te konutai silicate ki te konutai kua oti te whakarite, ā, ka tāpirihia he nui o te otinga NaC1 ki te tauhohe ki te pH=7~8, ā, ka puritia te uara H mā te whakamahi i te kaiwhakahaere kawakore, te tiaki wera me te pakeke, kātahi ka horoia kia tangohia te hauota, kātahi ka tātarihia, ka whakamarokehia, ka tākaihia.

(3) Tikanga whakapūngao waro

I tēnei tikanga, ka whakakāhoretia te hau waro hauhā mā te wairewa silicate wairewa hei whakaputa i te Si02 me te konutai kāponāte kua whakapūpūtia. Kia oti te tauhohenga, ka tātarihia te hua i mua, ā, ka tangohia te Na2C03 mā te wairewa waikawa, kātahi ka tātarihia, ka whakamarokehia, ka kuruhia, ka tākaihia.