Ko te tīmatanga o te kōanga, e kiia ana ko Lichun, te kupu tuatahi i roto i te pūnaha kupu rā tuku iho a Haina, e mau ana i ngā tikanga ahurea hohonu me ngā tikanga tuku iho a te iwi mō ngā mano tau. He tohu tēnei mō te whakawhiti mārama mai i te takurua makariri ki te kōanga mahana, he tohu mō te whānautanga anō, te tipu me ngā tīmatanga hou mō ngā mea ora katoa—ngā rau tarutaru ririki, ngā rākau nunui, ngā pepeke ririki me ngā kararehe nunui. He wāhanga nui tēnei kupu o te ahurea Hainamana, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e whakanuia ana hoki e te iwi Hainamana puta noa i te ao, e noho ana hei piriti nui e hono ana i ngā Hainamana o tāwāhi ki ō rātou pakiaka ahurea, ā, e āwhina ana i a rātou ki te pupuri i ngā hononga hohonu ki ngā tikanga tuku iho a ō rātou tūpuna.

I ahu mai i Haina onamata, i whanake, i whakapai ake hoki te Tīmatanga o te Koanga i roto i te hītori roa, me te whanake tahi me te ao ahuwhenua. I āta tirohia e ngā tāngata o mua ngā huringa o ngā tinana o te rangi, ngā tauira o te rangi me ngā āhuatanga taiao hei wehewehe i te tau ki ngā kupu rā—he pūnaha i whai wāhi nui ki te ārahi i ngā mahi ahuwhenua o ia rā. I te tīmatanga, ko te Tīmatanga o te Koanga he wāhanga o ngā kupu rā e waru i ngā wā o mua, i te wā i whakawhirinaki nui ai te tangata ki te taiao mō te kai me te oranga. I muri mai, i te wā o te Whare Ariki o Han ki te Hauāuru, ka noho ko te pūnaha kupu rā tuatahi o ngā kupu rā e rua tekau mā whā, i tuhia ā-turetia, i whakatairangahia puta noa i ngā rohe rerekē. He hononga tata tēnei pūnaha ki te oranga ahuwhenua, e kī ana ki ngā kaimahi pāmu me pēhea te whakarite mō te whakato, te tiaki i ngā hua me te kotinga, e whakaata ana i te whakaaro nui o te tangata o mua ki te noho tahi me te taiao me te urutau ki ngā huringa o te wā.

Ina tae mai te Tīmatanga o te Koanga, ka puta ngā huringa ngawari engari he whai tikanga i roto i te taiao, e tohu ana i te mutunga o te makariri me te tīmatanga o te whakahoutanga. Ka memeha haere te hau makariri, ka whakakapia e ngā hau mārie e mau ana i te mahana ngoikore. Ka mahana ake te hihi o te rā, ka roa ake te mau, ka rewa te hukapapa mai i te tarutaru me ngā manga rākau. Ka tīmata te rewa o ngā awa tio, ka rere anō ngā awa iti i te mea ka rewa te hukapapa ki te wai. Ka ara ake ngā pepeke e moe roa ana i te moe roa, ka ngokingoki ki waho ki te tūhura i ngā taiao hou, i te mea ka pihi ake ngā puku ngawari ki ngā manga rākau ka horapa hei rau matomato ririki. Ka pana te tarutaru i roto i te oneone, e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu matomato kanapa o te ora. Ahakoa kei te makariri tonu ētahi rohe raki, kei te hukarere rānei i ētahi wā, ka neke te ia whānui ki te mahana me te whakahoutanga, e whakamahara ana ki te tangata kua mutu te hotoke kino, ā, ka puta mai te puna ora me ngā mea hou.

He maha ngā tikanga tuku iho a te iwi mō ngā rautau hei whakanui i te Tīmatanga o te Koanga, ā, he maha ngā tikanga tuku iho e ora tonu ana i ēnei rā, e hono ana i te tangata ki tō rātou taonga tuku iho. Ko tētahi tikanga rongonui ko te Ngau Koanga, he mahi e tohu ana i te awhi i te kaha o te koanga mā te kai. Ka kai te tangata i ngā kai motuhake hei manaaki i te koanga, pērā i ngā panikeke koanga, ngā rōra koanga me ngā rātiti, he tikanga motuhake tō ia kai. He angiangi, he ngawari ngā panikeke koanga, he mea takai ki ngā huawhenua hou me ētahi atu whakakī, e tohu ana i te kohikohinga o te hou o te koanga. Ka hangaia ngā rōra koanga mā te takai i ngā whakakī ki te paraoa angiangi me te parai kia parauri koura, hei tohu mō te oranga me te mahana. He pakari, he wai ngā rātiti, e whakaponohia ana ka horoia te tinana i ngā paitini mai i te takurua me te kawe mai i te hauora pai mō te wā hou. He rerekē ngā rohe rerekē i ngā kai Ngau Koanga—ko ētahi ka tāpiri i ngā whakakī mīti, ko ētahi e pai ake ana ki ngā kōwhiringa huawhenua katoa—engari he hiahia katoa ki te awhi i te ora o te koanga.

Ko te patu i te kau puna tētahi atu tikanga nui, he mea whai pūtake hohonu i roto i ngā hapori ahuwhenua i reira he mea nui ngā kau mō te mahi ahuwhenua. I hangaia e ngā tāngata o mua ngā kau ki te uku, ki te pepa rānei, i whakapaipaihia ki ngā rīpene pepa tae hei tohu i te kotinga pai, te whai rawa me te nui o te witi. I te tīmatanga o te kōanga, ka arahina e ngā kaumātua, e ngā āpiha rānei o te rohe ngā karakia, ka patu i te kau puna ki ngā whiu wīro me te inoi mō te nui o te witi me te waimarie i te tau e haere mai ana. I ahu mai tēnei tikanga i te hiranga o ngā kau i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua—i āwhina ngā kau i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te parau i ngā mara, ki te whakato hua me te kawe i ngā kawenga taumaha. Ko te whāinga o te patu i te kau puna he whakaara i te whenua i te moe hotoke, he whakatenatena i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te tīmata i te wā whakato hou me te whakaatu i ngā tumanakohanga mō te tau whai rawa. I ēnei rā, kei te whakahaerehia tonutia tēnei mahi e ētahi wāhi tuawhenua hei pupuri i te tikanga tuku iho, hei kukume i ngā kainoho me ngā tūruhi o te rohe ki te whakauru atu ki ngā whakanuinga.

Ko ētahi atu tikanga ko te Manaaki i te Koanga, te Mau Whakapaipai o te Koanga me ngā Manu Rere, e tāpiri ana i te harikoa me te tikanga ki ngā whakanuinga. Ko te Manaaki i te Koanga i te tīmatanga he hui nui i tū i ngā emepara i ngā wā onamata, i ārahi i ngā āpiha ki te karakia ki te Atua o te Koanga me te inoi mō te kotinga pai me te rangimārie o te motu. Nō muri mai, ka noho hei mahi rongonui a te iwi: ka kakahuria e te iwi he Karere Koanga, ka hikoi haere i ngā kāinga me ngā tāone, me te karanga "Kei te haere mai te Koanga" hei hora i te harikoa. He maha ngā kōtiro taitamariki i hanga whakapaipai iti i te āhua o te manu, o te putiputi rānei me te hiraka tae, ka mau ki te makawe, ka whakairihia rānei ki ngā manga - ko ēnei āhua he tohu mō te waimarie, te harikoa me te taenga mai o te koanga. He rongonui hoki te rere manu, nā te mea he ngawari, he pumau te hau o te koanga, he tino pai mō te rere manu. Ka rere manu ngā tāngata i ngā āhua me ngā rahi rerekē, me te whakapono ka kawea mai e tēnei he waimarie, ka peia atu te waimarie kino, ā, ka whakapai ake i te hauora mā te pārekareka ki te hau hou o waho.

Ka whakanuia hoki te Tīmatanga o te Koanga e ngā Hainamana o tāwāhi, nā rātou i whakarerekē ngā tikanga tuku iho ki te oranga o te rohe, me te pupuri tonu i te mauri matua o te ahurea. I ngā whenua pēnei i a Singapore me Malaysia, te kāinga o ngā hapori nui o Haina, ka whakahaerehia e te iwi ngā mahi maha hei whakanui i tēnei rā. Hei tauira, he maha ngā Hainamana e whakatakoto moni ana ki ngā peeke i te Tīmatanga o te Koanga, he tikanga e tohu ana i te penapena mō te heke mai me te tumanako ki te taonga me te angitu i te tau hou. Ka whakahaerehia hoki e rātou ngā karakia i roto i ngā temepara, i ngā pokapū hapori rānei, me te mau pikitia kau iti o te puna me te tuku patunga tapu hei hiahia mō te waimarie, te hauora me te harikoa o te whānau. E whakaatu ana tēnei kua noho te Tīmatanga o te Koanga hei tohu ahurea nui mō ngā Hainamana o te ao, e āwhina ana ki te tuku iho i ngā ahurea tuku iho puta noa i ngā whakatipuranga me te whakapakari i ngā hononga i waenga i ngā hapori Hainamana o tāwāhi.

Haunga ngā tikanga tuku iho, he nui te awe o te Tīmatanga o te Koanga ki ngā tuhinga me ngā toi Hainamana, ā, he mea whakahihiko i ngā mahi maha e whakanui ana i te ataahua o tēnei kupu. I tito ngā kaitito o mua i ngā rotarota e whakaahua ana i ngā tirohanga o te kōanga—ngā putiputi e puāwai ana, ngā hau mārie me ngā kararehe oraora—e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō ngā tīmatanga hou me te maioha ki te ataahua o te taiao. I peitahia e ngā kaitoi ngā whenua me ngā mahi tuku iho e pā ana ki te Tīmatanga o te Koanga, e hopu ana i te mauri o te wā me te hiranga ahurea. E whakaata ana ēnei mahi i te aroha o te tangata ki te taiao me te whakaute ki ngā huringa o te wā. Tae noa ki tēnei rā, kei te noho tonu te Tīmatanga o te Koanga hei wāhanga nui o te ahurea Hainamana: ka whakahaerehia e ngā kura me ngā hapori ngā mahi hei whakauru i ngā tikanga tuku iho, pērā i te hanga whakapaipai kōanga, te kōrero rānei mō ngā kupu o te rā, hei āwhina i ngā rangatahi ki te mārama me te whiwhi i ngā taonga tuku iho ahurea.

I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka whakarerekē te tangata i ngā momo noho me te taenga mai o te Tīmatanga o te Koanga, me te whai i ngā whakaaro tawhito hei urutau ki ngā huringa o te wā. Ka nui ake tā rātou aro ki te hauora, me te arotahi ki ngā kai māmā, hou me ngā huawhenua o te wā pērā i te chives, te spinach me te bamboo shoots—e whakaponohia ana he nui ngā matūkai, ā, he pai mō te kōanga. He maha hoki ngā tāngata e mahi ana i ngā mahi o waho, pērā i te hikoi, te hikoi, te rere manu aute rānei, hei pārekareka ki te rangi mahana me te hau hou, hei āwhina i ngā tinana me ngā hinengaro kia urutau ki te whakawhiti mai i te takurua ki te kōanga. Hei tāpiri, he tokomaha e whai wāhi ana ki te hanga mahere hou, ki te whakatakoto whāinga, ki te tīmata kaupapa rānei, nā te mea ko te Tīmatanga o te Koanga te tohu o ngā tīmatanga hou. Ka whakamahara i te tangata ahakoa te makariri o te takurua, ka tae mai tonu te kōanga, e kawe mai ana i te tumanako, te ora me ngā whai wāhitanga ki te tīmata hou.

Ehara i te mea ko te tīmatanga o te kōanga anake te rā; he taonga nui tēnei mō te taonga tuku iho o Haina, e whakaatu ana i te whakaaro nui o te iwi tawhito, te whakaute ki te taiao me te whai i te oranga pai. He hononga tata tēnei ki te taiao, te ahuwhenua me te oranga tangata, e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga pai i waenganui i te tangata me te taiao e whakanuia ana e te ahurea Hainamana mō ngā mano tau. E whakanuia ana e te iwi Hainamana puta noa i te ao, e whakatairanga ana hoki i te whakawhitiwhiti ahurea, e āwhina ana i te ao kia mārama ake ki te ahurea tuku iho o Haina me ōna uara. Kei roto i tēnei tikanga tuku iho te hītori, ngā tikanga me te tumanako mō te heke mai, e tukuna tonutia ana i roto i ngā whakatipuranga, e kawe mai ana i te tumanako, te harikoa me te ora ki te tangata i ia tau.