Paura Kaolin Kua Whakarerekētia te Mata mō te Ahumahi Kirihou e Whakapai Ake Ana i te Kaha Mīhini me te Ātete Wera
Whakaahuatanga Poto:
Ko te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga kirihou e hiahia ana ki ngā whakakī kohuke matatau ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi hua, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, me te whakawhānui i ngā rohe tono. I roto i ēnei, kua puta te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata hei tāpiri matua, e huri ana i te hanga o ngā hua kirihou kanorau tae atu ki ngā wāhanga werohanga polypropylene (PP), ngā kiriata polyethylene (PE), me ngā kōtaha polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Kāore i rite ki tōna hoa kāore i whakarerekētia, e whakaatu ana i te hototahi ngoikore ki ngā kapia kirihou, ka whakamahia e te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata ngā kaihoko hononga silane, titanate rānei hei hanga hononga matū kaha me ngā mekameka polymer. Ko tēnei taunekeneke taumata-ngota ka whakarei ake i te kaha miihini, te pumau wera, me te ōritetanga marara i roto i ngā matrices kirihou, ka waiho hei rauemi tino nui i roto i te hanga kirihou hou.
Te Whakanui i te Kaha Mīhini
Ko te ātete ā-mīhini he paearu kore e taea te whiriwhiri mō ngā hua kirihou, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rāngai uaua pēnei i te miihini motuka, te hanganga hanga, me ngā taonga pumau a te kaihoko. Ko te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata, e whakarōpūtia ana i waenga i te 1000 me te 2000 mata, ka mahi hei kaihoko whakapakari mā te whakatū i tētahi whatunga uaua o ngā hononga ā-mata kohuke-polymer. Mā tēnei whatunga ka tohatoha ōrite te ahotea ā-mīhini puta noa i te anga kirihou, ka ārai i ngā kukū taumahatanga ā-rohe ka arahi pea ki te rahunga.
I roto i te umanga motuka, he mea nui te whakaiti i te taumaha me te hanganga pai, ko te tāpiri o te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata (mā te taumaha) 10%-20% ki ngā wāhanga o roto o te motuka PP—pērā i ngā anga o te papaaho me ngā whakapaipai tatau—kua whakaatu i ngā whakapainga whakamiharo. Nā te whakamātautau pakari a tētahi kaiwhakarato wāhanga motuka Tiamana matua i whakaatu he pikinga 25%-35% o te kaha kume, e whakapiki ana i ngā uara mai i te 30 MPa ki te 37-40 MPa. I te wā kotahi, i kite te modulus piko i te whakarei ake 40%-50%, e piki ana mai i te 1500 MPa ki te 2100-2250 MPa. Mā ēnei painga ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaiti i te whakamahinga kapia tae atu ki te 15%, ka tutuki ai he penapena utu nui me te kore e whakararu i te kounga o te hua.
Mō ngā kiriata ahuwhenua PE, mā te whakarerekētanga o te mata o te paura kaolin ka whakarite i ngā āhuatanga marara pai rawa atu, ka ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā matūriki ka taea te hanga ngoikore hanganga. Ko ngā kiriata e whakauru ana i te 8%-12% o tēnei paura whakarerekē i whakaatu i te pikinga 30% o te ātete pānga, ka piki ake mai i te 8 kJ/m² ki te 10.4 kJ/m². Mā tēnei pakari kua whakanuia ka taea e ngā kiriata te tu atu i ngā tere hau tae atu ki te 18 m/s me te kore e haehae, ka whakarato i te tiaki pono mō ngā tono ahumahi maha atu i te ahuwhenua.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi Wera
Ko te ātete wera tētahi atu painga nui o te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata i roto i ngā tono kirihou. He maha ngā hua kirihou hou, tae atu ki ngā whare hiko, ngā wāhanga o raro o te motuka, me ngā rauemi hanga, me tu atu ki ngā pāmahana teitei me te kore e pirau. Ko te nui o te alumina (mai i te 38%-42%) i roto i te paura kaolin, me ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga mata whai hua, ka whakapai ake i te pāmahana whakapōturi wera (HDT) o ngā matū kirihou.
I angitu te whakamahi a tētahi kaihanga kōtaha PVC rongonui o Itari i te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata i roto i te hanga anga matapihi, ā, i eke ki te pikinga whakamiharo o te HDT mai i te 70°C ki te 85°C. Mā tēnei whakapai ake i te ātete pāmahana ka taea e ngā anga PVC te tu atu ki te pānga roa ki te rā tika i ngā āhuarangi Mediterranean me te kore e piko, e rerekē rānei. Waihoki, mō ngā pouaka hiko PP e pupuri ana i ngā wāhanga hiko whakaputa wera, nā te whakaurunga o te paura kaolin i whakaara ake te HDT mai i te 110°C ki te 130°C, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga wera tino kaha. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e te paura ngā take whakaheke wera; Ko ngā wāhanga PP i werohia ki te werohanga kei roto ko te 15% te paura kaolin i whakaatu i te tere whakaheke o te 1.2%, ki te whakaritea ki te 2.5% mō te PP kāore i whakapakaritia, e whakarite ana i te tika o te rahinga i te wā o te tukanga hanga.
Tukanga Whakaputa me ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau
Ko te hanga paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata mō ngā kirihou he tukanga e rua ngā wāhanga kua tino hangaia: te whakamahine i te konganuku me te maimoatanga mata. Ka whakamahia te konganuku kaolin mata hei whakapai ake mā te wehenga aukume me ngā tikanga whakapūmau i te pahuka hei whakakore i ngā poke o te rino me te titanium, ka taea te whakararu i te mahi a te paura. Muri iho, ka hurihia te konganuku ki te rahi matūriki e hiahiatia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga huri maroke me ngā mira whakarōpū hau, ka puta he taumata mai i te 1000 ki te 2000 mata.
I te wāhanga whakarerekētanga mata, ka whakamahia ngā mīhini whakaranu tere-teitei e mahi ana i te 1500-2000 rpm hei pania ōrite ngā matūriki kaolin ki ngā kaihoko honohono. Ko ngā kaihoko honohono silane, pērā i te KH-550, e pai ake ana mō ngā tono PP me te PE nā te kaha o te hononga ki ngā polymer polyolefin, ko ngā kaihoko honohono titanate pērā i te TMC-101 he pai ake mō ngā matū PVC. Ka āta whakahaeretia te horopeta o te kaihoko honohono i te 0.5%-1.5% o te taumaha o te paura kaolin kia kapi katoa ai ngā matūriki me te kore he rauemi nui ka whakararuraru i te tukatuka kirihou. Whai muri i te whakarerekētanga, ka whakamataohia te paura ki te pāmahana taiao, ā, ka tātarihia kia tangohia ngā mea e kohikohi ana, ka puta he hua rere noa, ōrite kua rite mō te whakauru ki ngā hanganga kirihou.
Ko ngā tohu hangarau matua e whakahaere ana i te kounga o te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata mō ngā kirihou. Ko te tohatoha rahi matūriki, e inehia ana e ngā uara D50 o te 5-10 μm (1000 mata) 2-5 μm rānei (2000 mata), ka pā tika ki te marara me te whai huatanga o te whakakaha. Ko te mā, e whakaatuhia ana hei uara L* o te ≥90%, ka whakarite i te hototahitanga ataahua i roto i ngā tono e whai wāhi ana te tae. Ko te whakahaere makuku kaha (≤0.3%) ka ārai i ngā take pēnei i te waikura i te wā e tukatukahia ana te kirihou, ko te reiti hipoki kaihoko hononga o te ≥95% ka whakarite i te hononga pai rawa atu. Ko ngā uara mimiti hinu i waenga i te 20-25 mL/100g e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga makuku o te paura, e pā ana ki te matotoru o te matū me te whanonga tukatuka. Ka whakamatautauria ēnei tawhā mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tātari matatau, tae atu ki ngā tātari rahi matūriki taiaho, te tirotiro infrared Fourier-transform (FTIR), me te tātari thermogravimetric (TGA).
Te Hiranga o te Mekameka Tuku me te Tautoko Hangarau
Kua arotauhia te hanganga mekameka tuku mō te paura kaolin kua whakarerekētia te mata kia rite ki ngā huringa whakaputa tere o te umanga kirihou. Kei roto i ngā kōwhiringa takai ko ngā putea pepa maha-paparanga 25kg kua whakauruhia ki ngā raina ārai-pūmau hei ārai i te kohikohi puehu me te whakarite i te pono o te hua, me ngā putea papatipu 1000kg kei roto ngā ringaringa forklift mō te whakahaere me te rokiroki whai hua. Kua whakangawarihia ngā wā tuku, me ngā kiritaki ā-rohe (hei tauira, ngā tuku mai i Haina ki te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia) ka whiwhi ota i roto i ngā rā 7-14, ko ngā tuku o te ao (pēnei i ērā ki Ūropi) ka oti i roto i ngā rā 21-30.
Whakaahuatanga Hua
Kua whakapūkarahia e mātou te kaolin, te kaolin kua horoia, me te metakaolin.
Ko te kaolin kua whakapūkaratia, e mōhiotia ana ko te uku porcelain, he mā te tae, he pai te āhua, ā, he kaha te waikura.
he ātete, he roa hoki te mau. He rauemi mata pai rawa atu mō te hanga uku me te rapa.
Ko te kaolin kua whakapūkaratia, e mōhiotia ana ko te uku porcelain, he mā te tae, he pai te āhua, ā, he kaha te waikura.
he ātete, he roa hoki te mau. He rauemi mata pai rawa atu mō te hanga uku me te rapa.
Ngā Whakaahua Taipitopito
Tō mātou painga:
Ko mātou te wheketere tika, ka taea e mātou te tuku tere, ā, ka taea e mātou te tuku i tetahi rahi o te tourmaline me te kounga teitei.
Ko mātou te wheketere tika, ka taea e mātou te tuku tere, ā, ka taea e mātou te tuku i tetahi rahi o te tourmaline me te kounga teitei.
Hei kaihanga anō hoki, ka taea e mātou te whakatutuki i ō whakaritenga ritenga katoa, pēnei i te mōkihi motuhake, tō ake waitohu, ngā kai taiao, te tae mika hou, ngā MSDS me ngā TDS e wātea ana, me ētahi atu.
| Ngā Kāwai | Taumata Ahumahi | Rino Tau | Te karaehe uku | Te taumata o te hihi-ā-rangi | Whatu Tau | Teitei Te parakore | |
| Kāore i raro iho i te (%) te ihirangi | 93.0 | 96.0 | 98.0 | 99.0 | 99.8 | 99.99 | |
| Kāore te nui o te poke i neke atu i te (%) | Na | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | |||
| K | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | ||||
| Ca | |||||||
| Mg | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | ||
| Si | 1% | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.002 | |
| SO4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.005 | |
| Fe | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | |
| Cl | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.001 | |
| Al | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| Cu | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | |
| Ngā konganuku taumaha (Pb) | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | |
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tae Waikura Rino
1. I roto i te umanga rauemi hanga whare, e whakamahia ana mō te sima tae, ngā taera papa sima tae, ngā taera sima tae, ngā taera karaihe rūpahu, ngā taera papa raima, te moata tae, te uku tae, te terrazzo, ngā taera mosaic, te māpere horihori me te peita pakitara.
2. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te tae me te tiaki i ngā matū o ngā momo paninga, tae atu ki ngā paninga pakitara o roto, o waho hoki e rere ana i te wai, ngā paninga paura, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō ngā momo paninga tuatahi me ngā paninga o runga pērā i te epoxy, te alkyd, te amino, me ētahi atu i roto i ngā peita hinuhinu, tae atu ki ngā peita taonga takaro, ngā peita whakapaipai, ngā peita tāonga, ngā peita hiko-whakapaipai me ngā enamel. He mahi ārai-waikura te paninga tuatahi whero rino, ka taea te whakakapi i te peita whero whero utu nui, te whakaora i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous.
Ka tukuna e te kaihanga te waikura rino whero, te waikura rino kakariki, te waikura rino kikorangi, te waikura rino kōwhai, te waikura rino papura, te waikura rino parauri, te waikura rino mangu me ērā atu. He oti te tae, he nui te rahinga, ā, he pai te hekenga. Tautokohia ngā puranga whakauru. Nau mai ki te waea mai mō te kōrero.
1. I roto i te umanga rauemi hanga whare, e whakamahia ana mō te sima tae, ngā taera papa sima tae, ngā taera sima tae, ngā taera karaihe rūpahu, ngā taera papa raima, te moata tae, te uku tae, te terrazzo, ngā taera mosaic, te māpere horihori me te peita pakitara.
2. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te tae me te tiaki i ngā matū o ngā momo paninga, tae atu ki ngā paninga pakitara o roto, o waho hoki e rere ana i te wai, ngā paninga paura, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō ngā momo paninga tuatahi me ngā paninga o runga pērā i te epoxy, te alkyd, te amino, me ētahi atu i roto i ngā peita hinuhinu, tae atu ki ngā peita taonga takaro, ngā peita whakapaipai, ngā peita tāonga, ngā peita hiko-whakapaipai me ngā enamel. He mahi ārai-waikura te paninga tuatahi whero rino, ka taea te whakakapi i te peita whero whero utu nui, te whakaora i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous.
Ka tukuna e te kaihanga te waikura rino whero, te waikura rino kakariki, te waikura rino kikorangi, te waikura rino kōwhai, te waikura rino papura, te waikura rino parauri, te waikura rino mangu me ērā atu. He oti te tae, he nui te rahinga, ā, he pai te hekenga. Tautokohia ngā puranga whakauru. Nau mai ki te waea mai mō te kōrero.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea whakakanapa hoki te karāhe me te mea ārai waikura mō te karāhe me te pepa i roto i te ahumahi māmā, ā, he rauemi mata nui hoki mō te hanga pene, waituhi, peita pango, waituhi, taimana horihori me ngā taimana. He rauemi pai hei penapena pūngao me te tiaki taiao, kua whakamahia hei pākahiko waka i te Hononga o Amerika. I te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau hou me te ahumahi, kei te whānui haere tonu te mara tono o te karāhe. Kua noho hei rauemi mata nui mō ngā rauemi hiato hou i roto i te mara hangarau teitei, ā, he mahi nui tana i roto i te ōhanga o te motu.
Tuhia tō karere ki konei ka tuku mai ki a mātou
