Paura Tourmaline Ahumahi Adsorbent mō te Maimoatanga Hau Para Tango i ngā Matū Waro Ngāwari Whakahaere Kakara Te Kaha Adsorbent Teitei
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Ko ngā tukunga hau para ahumahi—kei roto ko ngā matū waro mimiti (VOC) pērā i te benzene, te toluene, me te formaldehyde, tae atu ki ngā matū kakara pērā i te hauwai sulfide—he nui ngā mōrearea ki te taiao me te hauora. He nui te utu o ngā tikanga maimoatanga hau para tuku iho, pērā i te tahunga me te horoi matū, ā, ka puta he parahanga tuarua, engari he iti te kaha mimiti o ngā mea whakauru waro whakahohe, ā, me whakakapi pinepine. Ko te paura tourmaline, he mea whakauru kohuke he nui te porosity me te mahi mata, e aro ana ki ēnei wero, e whakarato ana i tētahi otinga whai hua, utu-pai mō te maimoatanga hau para i roto i ngā ahumahi pērā i te hanga matū, te tā, me te peita. 
Ko te kaha mimiti o te paura tourmaline mō ngā VOC me ngā matū kakara e ahu mai ana i ōna āhuatanga mata ahurei. Kei roto i te paura he whatunga o ngā moroiti (2-5 nm) me ngā mesopores (5-50 nm) e whakarato ana i te horahanga mata motuhake nui (20-35 m²/g), e āhei ai te whakapā whānui ki ngā ngota hau para. Hei tāpiri, he nui ngā rōpū hydroxyl (-OH) me ngā pae utu hikohiko i te mata o te tourmaline, e hanga ana i ngā hononga ā-tinana me te matū kaha ki ngā VOC me ngā matū kakara. Hei tauira, ka mimiti te paura tourmaline i te 150-200 mg/g o te benzene (he VOC noa) me te 80-100 mg/g o te hauwai sulfide (he hau kakara), he nui atu i te kaha mimiti o te waro whakahohe (100-120 mg/g mō te benzene, 50-60 mg/g mō te hauwai sulfide). Ka whakaitihia e tēnei kaha nui te auau o te whakakapinga mimiti, ka tapahia ngā utu whakahaere mā te 30-40% ki te whakaritea ki ngā pūnaha waro whakahohe.
Ko te whai huatanga o te tango VOC he inenga mahi matua mō te tukatuka hau para ahumahi, ā, he tino pai ngā hua o te paura tourmaline. I roto i tētahi tipu matū e rongoā ana i te hau para kei roto te benzene (te kukū 500-800 mg/m³), i tutuki i tētahi pourewa mimiti i ahu mai i te tourmaline te tere tango o te 95-98%, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga ki raro iho i te 20 mg/m³ (e tutuki ana i te paerewa GB 31571-2015 a Haina). Mō ngā whare tā me te peita, e whakaputa ana i ngā tukunga formaldehyde me te toluene, ka tangohia e te paura tourmaline te 90-93% o ēnei VOC, ka whakakorea te "kakara peita" e pā ana ki ēnei ahumahi. Ka noho pumau tonu te whai huatanga mimiti o te paura ahakoa ngā tere rere hau rerekē (1-3 m/s) me ngā pāmahana (20-80°C), e pai ai mō ngā taiao ahumahi rerekē.
Ko te whakahaere i te haunga tētahi atu painga nui o te paura tourmaline i roto i te tukatuka hau para. Ko ngā matū haunga pērā i te hauwai whanariki (kakara hua pirau) me te haukini (kakara kakara) kei roto i ngā hau para mai i te tukatuka kai (e aro ana te umanga ehara i te kai ki te takai/hanga) me ngā tipu matū. Ko te kaha o te tourmaline ki te mimiti i ēnei matū ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te parahanga taiao engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te kounga o te hau i te wāhi mahi, ka whakaiti i ngā amuamu a ngā kaimahi me ngā mōrearea hauora. I pūrongohia e tētahi tipu matū Haina e whakamahi ana i ngā kai mimiti tourmaline he 90% te hekenga o ngā amuamu haunga mai i ngā hapori tata, nā te mea i whakaitihia e te paura ngā tukunga hauwai whanariki mai i te 100 mg/m³ ki te <5 mg/m³. Hei tāpiri, kāore te tourmaline e tuku i ngā haunga kua mimitihia ahakoa ka pāngia e ngā huringa pāmahana ngawari, e whakarite ana i te whakahaere haunga mō te wā roa.
Ko te kaha ki te whakahou te painga nui o te paura tourmaline i ngā mea mimiti tuku iho. I muri i te mimiti o te paura, ka taea te whakahou mā te maimoatanga wera (150-200°C) mā te tango mamaoa rānei, e mimiti ai ngā VOC me ngā matū kakara kua mimitihia. Kāore i rite ki te waro whakahohe, e ngaro ana te 20-30% o tōna kaha mimiti i muri i ia huringa whakahou, ka mau tonu te tourmaline i te 85-90% o tōna kaha tuatahi i muri i te 8-10 huringa. Mā tēnei ka roa ake te roa o te ora o te mea mimiti mai i te 3-6 marama (waro whakahohe) ki te 12-18 marama (tourmaline), ka whakaiti nui i ngā utu para me te whakakapinga. Ka taea hoki te whakahoki mai me te whakamahi anō i ngā VOC kua mimitihia i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi (hei tauira, te whakaora benzene i roto i ngā tipu matū), ka hangaia he uara ōhanga tāpiri.
Mā te pumau matū ka taea te whakarite i te mahi a te paura tourmaline i roto i ngā taiao hau para kino. He ātete ki ngā hau waikawa me ngā hau kawakore (pH 2-12), ā, he pai mō te rongoā i ngā hau para mai i ngā tukanga matū waikawa (hei tauira, te hanga waikawa whanariki) me ngā tukanga kawakore (hei tauira, te hanga haukini). Kāore te paura e whakarewa, e tuku rānei i ngā konganuku taumaha ki te taiao, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa taiao tino pakari pērā i te Ture Tukunga Ahumahi a te EU (IED) me te Ture Hau Ma a te US EPA. Mā tēnei pumau ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te pirau o te adsorbent, ka whakarite i te mahi pumau i roto i te wā.
Nā te hototahitanga ki ngā pūnaha maimoatanga hau para rerekē, ka taea te whakamahi i te paura tourmaline. Ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā pourewa mimiti moenga-pūmau (mō ngā awa hau iti-rere), ngā tauhohenga moenga-wai (mō ngā awa rere-rahi), me ngā pūnaha mimiti kiriuhi (mō te tango VOC tika). Ka taea hoki te whakaranu ki ētahi atu matū mimiti pērā i te zeolite hei whakarei ake i te mahi motuhake—hei tauira, mā te whakakotahi i te tourmaline me te zeolite ka whakapai ake i te pai o te tango haukini mā te 10-15%. Mō ngā whare iti (hei tauira, ngā toa tā iti), ka taea te tākai i te paura tourmaline ki roto i ngā waeine mimiti kawe, ka whakarato i tētahi otinga maimoatanga kiato, iti te utu.
Ka taea te whakarite kia rite ki ngā hiahia ahumahi kanorau. Ka tukuna e ngā kaiwhakarato te paura tourmaline me ngā hanganga pore rerekē: ngā taumata whai pore-iti (mō ngā VOC ngota iti pērā i te formaldehyde) me ngā taumata whai pore-meso (mō ngā VOC ngota nui pērā i te toluene). Ka whakamahia ngā taumata pai (5-10 μm) i roto i ngā pūnaha membrane hei whakarite kia ōrite te pa o te hau, ko ngā taumata taratara (20-30 μm) he pai mō ngā pourewa moenga-pūmau hei ārai i te hekenga pēhanga. He pai ngā taumata parakore teitei (95%+ te ihirangi tourmaline) mō ngā ahumahi tairongo pērā i te hanga hikohiko (he iti ngā whakaritenga VOC), ko ngā taumata utu-whai hua (80-90% te ihirangi) he pai mō te whakamahinga ahumahi whānui.
Ko ngā take tono mahi e whakamana ana i te uara o te paura tourmaline. I whakakapia e tētahi whare tā Tiamana tana pūnaha waro whakahohe ki tētahi waeine mimiti e hangai ana ki te tourmaline, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga VOC mā te 92% me te tapahi i ngā utu mimiti ā-tau mā te €30,000. I whakaroahia e tētahi tipu matū Haina e whakamahi ana i ngā mimiti tourmaline mō te maimoatanga hauwai sulfide ngā wā whakakapinga mimiti mai i te 4 marama ki te 16 marama, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakakore para mā te 75%. E whakaatu ana ēnei take i ngā painga ōhanga me te taiao o te paura tourmaline, ka waiho hei whiringa pai mō ngā kiritaki ahumahi o te ao.
Mō ngā kaihokohoko hokohoko ki tāwāhi, ko te whakatairanga i te paura tourmaline hei mea mimiti ahumahi me aro nui ki te kaha mimiti, te kaha ki te whakaora, me te tutuki i ngā paerewa taiao. Mā te whakarato i ngā raraunga whakamātautau mai i ngā taiwhanga taiao (hei tauira, SGS, ngā taiwhanga kua whakaaetia e te EPA) e whakamana ana i ngā reiti tango VOC me te pai o te whakaora ka hanga i te whakapono. Mā te whakanui i ngā penapena utu mai i te whakaiti i te whakakapinga me te tuku para ka kukume i ngā whare ahumahi e aro nui ana ki te utu. Hei tāpiri, mā te tuku hoahoa pūnaha mimiti ritenga (hei tauira, te rahi o te pourewa, te uta paura) ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakauru i te paura ki roto i ā rātou tukanga maimoatanga hau para o nāianei.
He mea nui te tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere me te tautoko i ngā ture mō ngā hoko o te ao. Me tākai te paura tourmaline ki roto i ngā ipu hiri, ātete puehu hei ārai i te marara o ngā matūriki i te wā e tukuna ana—ko ngā putea pepa 25kg me ngā raina PE o roto te mea paerewa, ko ngā putea nui 1-tana ia e pai ana mō ngā ota ahumahi nui. Ko te whakarato i ngā TDS me ngā SDS reo Ingarihi ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture kawemai (hei tauira, EU REACH, US EPA). Mā te tuku tautoko hangarau, pēnei i te aratohu tukanga whakahou me ngā wātaka whakakapinga adsorbent, ka whakarei ake i te makona o te kiritaki me ngā hononga mahi tahi mō te wā roa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te kaha nui o te paura tourmaline ki te mimiti, te whai huatanga o te tango VOC, te whakahaere haunga, te kaha ki te whakahou, me te pumau matū, he mea nui hei mimiti ahumahi mō te tukatuka hau para. Nā te whai huatanga o te utu, te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha kanorau, me ngā whakamahinga kua whakamātauhia, ka waiho hei hua pai mō ngā kaihokohoko hokohoko ki tāwāhi e aro ana ki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga matū, te tā, me te peita. Mā te whakaatu i ēnei painga, ka taea e ngā pakihi te hokohoko pai i te paura tourmaline ki ngā kiritaki ahumahi o te ao e rapu ana i ngā otinga tukatuka hau para whai hua, pumau.
E kiia ana e ngā kaipūtaiao te paura nano-tawhiti-whero ko te mārama o te ora, nā te mea ka taea e te mārama o tēnei roangaru te whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā kararehe me ngā tipu. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te pūnaha tohanga moroiti o te paura nano-tawhiti-whero, te whakatairanga i te pākia o te tinana, te whakataurite i te pH o te tinana, te whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā ngota wai, me te whakanui ake i te nui o te hāora o te paura nano-tawhiti-whero o te tinana. He nui te tukunga o te paura uku mamao-whero i hangaia e tā mātou kamupene, he rauemi mata pai mō te tiaki paura tawhiti-whero mowhiti nanometer me ngā hua hauora.
Ka taea e te paura whero-maero o waho o te paura uku o waho te arotahi ki te tuku i ngā hihi whero-maero me te roanga ngaru o te 8-15μm, ā, ka taea e tōna putanga hihi noa te eke ki te neke atu i te 90%. Ka taea e te tinana tangata te mimiti pai i te paura whero-maero, ā, ka whakapai ake i te rere o te toto tangata, ka whakaiti i te waikawa o te toto, ka whakatairanga i te pākia o te tinana, ka whakapakari i te ārai mate, me te penapena pūngao. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hua ki ngā kakahu, ki ngā kirihou, ki ngā uku, ki te hanga pepa, ka whakawhanake i ngā momo taonga hauora me te hauora i roto i ngā mara o te rongoā me ngā taputapu hauora.
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