He tukunga kino teitei o te katote ma te tourmaline mā, he utu iti hoki.
paura kino-ātete, Paura Ion Kino,
Rahi paura: 8000 mata, 10000 mata, karaehe nano.

Whakataki rauemi
Ko te paura tourmaline te paura i whiwhihia mā te huri ā-ringa i muri i te tango i ngā poke mai i te konganuku tourmaline taketake. He nui te whakaputanga anion o te paura tourmaline me te kaha o te whakaputanga infrared tawhiti. Ko te tourmaline hoki e kiia ana ko te tourmaline. Ko te tātai matū whānui o te tourmaline ko te nar3al6si6o18bo33(oh,f)4. Nō roto te tioata i tētahi rōpū o ngā kohuke silicate hanganga mowhiti o te pūnaha trihedral. I te wā e tohu ana a R i te cation whakarewa, ina ko R ko Fe2 +, ka hangaia he tourmaline karaihe pango. He tata tapatoru ngā tioata tourmaline he pou me ngā āhua karaihe rerekē i ngā pito e rua, me ngā rārangi roa i runga i te mata, he maha ngā wā i te āhua o ngā pou, ngā ngira, ngā radial me ngā whakahiato nui. He kanapa karāhe, he kanapa rosin whati, he mārama ki te mārama. Kāore he wehenga. He pakeke Mohs 7-7.5, he taumaha motuhake 2.98-3.20. He piezoelectricity me te thermoelectricity tōna.

Ko te hiko tourmaline he momo rauemi i hangaia mai i te paura nano tourmaline, i ngā matūriki rānei i hangaia mai i te paura nano tourmaline me te kawe i roto i te tukanga hiko kakahu kore-whatu kua rewa. Ka utaina i raro i te ngaohiko teitei 5-10kv e te kaihanga hiko pao hei hiko pao, hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tātari muka. Nā te mea he mahi a te tourmaline ki te tuku i ngā katote kino, he āhuatanga patu huakita anō hoki. Ko te hiko pao he momo rauemi electrolyte me te mahi rokiroki utu mo te wa roa. Ko ngā tikanga hiko pao ko te hiko hurihuri, te utu korona, te hiko waku, te polarization wera me te pupuhi hihi irahiko iti te kaha. Ka whakamahia e te rauemi hiko tourmaline te tikanga utu korona hei kawe i te muka i tetahi nui o te utu me te hoatu i te mahi tātari hiko pao.

Ko te tukanga o te hiko hiko pūmau i pupuhihia e te rewa ko te tāpiri i te tourmaline, te silica, te zirconium phosphate me ētahi atu rauemi kore-waro ki roto i te polymer PP polypropylene i mua i te wā, kātahi ka utaina te rauemi pupuhihia e te rewa mā te kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā rōpū o te tukunga korona me te ngaohiko ngira o te 5-10kv i mua i te hurihuri i te kakahu, ā, ka whakaputa hau i raro i te pito ngira ina whakamahia te ngaohiko teitei o te Corona ionization ka puta he tukunga pakaru wāhanga. Ka whakatakotoria ngā kaikawe ki runga i te mata o te kakahu pupuhihia e te mahi a te mara hiko. Ka tomo ētahi o ngā kaikawe ki roto i te mata ka mau i ngā mahanga o te masterbatch hiko, ka huri te kakahu pupuhihia hei rauemi tātari hiko.Paura katote kino, Ko te tikanga matua ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā katote kino me ngā huakita ka taea te whakarerekē i te hanganga o ngā huakita, te whakawhiti rānei i te pūngao, ka mate ngā huakita, ā, ka totohu ki te whenua. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hauora ko ngā matūriki he hiko kino i te rangi ka whakanui ake i te nui o te hāora i roto i te toto, he mea e pai ana mō te kawe, te mimiti me te whakamahi i te hāora toto. He mahi āna ki te whakatairanga i te pākia o te tinana, te whakapai ake i te kaha ārai mate, te whakarei ake i te pūngao uaua me te whakahaere i te taurite o te mahi a te tinana. E ai ki ngā rangahau, ka taea e ngā katote kino te aukati, te whakamamae me te āwhina i te rongoā i ngā pūnaha e 7 me te tata ki te 30 momo mate, inā koa ko te tiaki hauora o te tinana tangata.